The presence of shape-memory alloy (SMA) in civil engineering fields was an eye-opener for researchers to develop better technology which can aid in various related aspects. The superiority of SMA over others is that it has a special capability where it remembers the previous shape and is able to return back to its original shape after being heated. The usage of SMA is tremendous in other applications such as in medical, dentistry, and also in automotive and robotic. However, SMA in structural applications can be considered as new and is still in research mode. Construction fields are always thirsty for new and fresh ideas to make improvements in existing technology. As the construction field has to face the possibility of natural disasters such as landslide, earthquake, and others, technologies are needed to reduce the total damages when such natural disasters occur. The existence of SMA as a new material in construction field gives positive vibes to researchers in creating a new technology. This paper explains the ability of SMA as a self-healing material and its unique properties of shape-memory effect and super-elasticity that are helpful in structural applications. The use of SMAs in reinforced concrete structures has been reviewed to clearly understand its mechanism processes. Comparison between SMAs and regular reinforced concretes were made to distinguish the performance of SMA-reinforced structures. Other recognized issues related to SMA, which is seismic protection of buildings are also presented in this paper.
The presence of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) in civil engineering fields offered a lot of advantages to the industries. The superiority of SMA is when the material has the ability to remember its previous shape after it has deformed and it will return back to its original defined shape when it is subjected to heat. Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) is known as the finest alloy among SMA groups. In this research, the influence of pre-strain on the mechanical behavior of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy bars were examined in room temperature with concerns of a different strain rates, which are 5.5x10-4 s-1 and 1x10-3 s-1. Each of the test piece was pre-strained at level 5ξ, 10ξ and 15ξ. A quasi-static tensile test was carried out on heat treated Ni-Ti by using a Universal Testing Machine to observe the Ni-Ti stress-strain response. The results show tensile strength of Ni-Ti increased after applying pre-strain and heat treatment at 500°C. However, it is observed tensile strength of Ni-Ti started to drop after pre-strained at 15ξ. So, it indicates that strain ageing of Ni-Ti bars at a large strain becomes practically irrelevant, even though Ni-Ti is a super-alloy. Furthermore, Ni-Ti is a strain rate dependent material where the strength increases at a higher rate. Thus, it was found Ni-Ti exhibited yield strength differently where the yield strength increases as the strain rate decreases.
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