Characteristics and Kinetics of Chitinase Enzyme from Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassianaBeauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogenic fungi that produces chitinase when infecting the host. Chitinase is widely used as biocontrol agents because it can degrade chitin into an environmentally friendly product. This study aims to characterize and test the kinetics of chitinase from B. bassiana. This characterization includes determination of pH and optimum temperature, enzyme stability and enzyme kinetics test by determining Km and Vmax value with Lineweaver-Burk equations. The result of experiment showed that the chitinase B. bassiana had pH and optimum temperature of 5 and 40ºC respectively. This enzyme was stable until 90 minutes incubation at 40ºC. The Km and Vmax values were 0.181 mg/L and 0.022 mg/L.sec respectively. The Km value is higher than Vmax, which means the affinity of the enzyme to the lower substrate requiring high substrate concentration to increase the reaction rate. It can be concluded that the chitinase activity of B. bassiana is still low.Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, characteristics and kinetics, chitinase enzyme, entomopathogenic, Lineweaver-BurkABSTRAKBeauveria bassiana merupakan salah satu jamur entomopatogen yang memproduksi kitinase saat menginfeksi inangnya. Enzim kitinase saat ini banyak digunakan sebagai agen biokontrol karena dapat mendegradasi kitin menjadi produk yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi dan menguji kinetika enzim kitinase asal jamur B. bassiana. Metode yang digunakan dalam karakterisasi ini mencakup penentuan pH dan suhu optimum, kestabilan enzim pada suhu optimumnya, dan uji kinetika enzim yang mencakup penentuan nilai Km dan Vmaks dengan persamaan Lineweaver-Burk. Hasil penelitian karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa enzim kitinase B. bassiana mempunyai pH dan suhu optimum masing-masing 5 dan 40ºC. Enzim ini stabil sampai pada 90 menit inkubasi pada suhu 40ºC. Nilai Km diperoleh 0,181 mg/L dan Vmaks sebesar 0,022 mg/L.detik. Nilai Km lebih tinggi daripada Vmaks, yang artinya afinitas enzim terhadap substrat rendah sehingga membutuhkan konsentrasi substrat yang tinggi untuk meningkatkan kecepatan reaksi, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas kitinase dari B. bassiana masih tergolong rendah.Kata kunci: Beauveria bassiana, entomopatogen, enzim kitinase, karakteristik dan kinetik, Lineweaver-Burk
Knowledge and attitudes are one of the factors in GERMAS health education for posyandu cadres as community facilitators. Knowledge and attitude of GERMAS to perform physical activity, consumption of vegetables and fruit, as well as regular health checks. One form of delivering messages in communication and providing health education is counseling. The purpose of this study was to determine health education on the knowledge and attitudes of elderly posyandu cadres about GERMAS. This research is quantitative research using pre-test and post-test designs. The technique used in this research is Total Sampling, where the entire population becomes the research sample. The analysis in this study used the non-parametric Wilcoxon Sign Test. The average level of knowledge and attitudes of elderly posyandu cadres before health education was carried out in Jangli Village, Semarang City was 5.03 and 7.10, respectively. The average level of knowledge and attitudes of elderly posyandu cadres after health education was carried out in Jangli Village, Semarang City was 8.53 and 9.10, respectively. There is an effect of providing health education on the knowledge and attitudes of elderly posyandu cadres in Jangli Village, Semarang City, p-value = 0.000 and p-value = 0.000. Suggestions for posyandu cadres can apply a GERMAS attitude and invite the community to be more concerned with health and maintain health and spirituality, so as to prevent disease and carry out regular health checks. Abstrak: Pengetahuan dan sikap merupakan salah satu faktor dalam pendidikan kesehatan Germas pada kader posyandu sebagai fasilitator masyarakat. Pengetahuan dan sikap pada Germas untuk melakukan aktifitas fisik, konsumsi sayur dan buah, serta cek kesehatan secara berkala. Salah satu bentuk penyampaian pesan dalam komunikasi dan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan adalah penyuluhan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap kader posyandu lansia tentang Germas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain Pre Eksperiment pre test dan post test. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Total Sampling, dimana seluruh populasi menjadi sampel penelitian. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji non parametric Wilcoxon Sign Test. Rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap kader posyandu lansia sebelum dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan di Kelurahan Jangli Kota Semarang sebesar 5,03 dan 7,10. Rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap kader posyandu lansia sesudan dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan di Kelurahan Jangli Kota Semarang sebesar 8,53 dan 9,10. Ada pengaruh pemberian pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap kader posyandu lansia di Kelurahan Jangli Kota Semarang p value = 0,000 dan p value = 0,000. Saran bagi kader posyandu dapat melakukan penerapan sikap germas dan mengajak masyarakat untuk lebih peduli dengan kesehatan dan menjaga kesehatan dan rohani, sehingga mencegah terjadinya penyakit serta melaksanakan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara berkala.
Merang Mushroom (Volvariella volvaceae) is one of the edible mushrooms. The nutritional content of merang mushrooms makes this mushroom has potential as a medicine and food supplement. Merang mushrooms are known to function as antioxidants, antidiabetic, antiviral, and can lower cholesterol. The purpose of the research is to find out the nutritional content of merang mushrooms that are cultivated in corncob media with the addition of rice bran. The analysis used was proximate analysis to determine moisture, ash, and fiber content using the AOAC method, fat content analysis using the Soxhlet method, protein content analysis using the Kjeldahl method, and carbohydrate Analysis (By difference). The results of the analysis were 2.17% ash content, 85.14% water content, 3.65% crude fiber content, 1.99% fat content, 2.7% crude protein content, and 8.0% carbohydrate content. Based on research, it can be said that mushroom has a good nutritional content that can provide health benefits.
Ramadan fasting is a fast that must be done by Muslims during the month of Ramadan for a full month. Diet during Ramadan tends to change, due to differences in meal times compared to other months. The pandemic period coincides with the month of Ramadan which sometimes neglects health and diet during breaking and sahur. It is important to maintain immunity when fasting during a pandemic in order to improve health. This community service activity program is to increase knowledge and understanding of maintaining diet when fasting. The result of this activity was an increase in knowledge about health and continued with medical examinations, namely checking blood pressure, checking blood sugar levels, checking uric acid levels and checking cholesterol levels.
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