Timber resources are constantly used by traditional communities to meet their everyday needs. Assuming the importance and use of these resources for energy purposes, we applied the inventory in situ method, over 12 months, aiming to identify the species most used as firewood and charcoal, their dynamics of renewal, and species availability in the forest fragment studied. The study was conducted in the Rural Community of São Francisco, Municipality of Cabaceiras (Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil). Overall, we recorded 15 species, 14 genera, and 6 botanical families, from which Fabaceae (8 spp) and Anacardiaceae (3 spp) were the most prominent, due to having greater diversity of species. The most used native species in the community was Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira) and we also recorded the constant use of Prosopis juliflora (algaroba), which is an exotic species. The results evidenced the effective use of natural resources, and may complement in general ethnobotanical studies.
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Aim To evaluate the structure and dynamics of functional phytoplankton groups (FGs) over a macrophyte cover gradient and their relations with environmental variable in small, shallow clear-water lake. Methods Physical, chemical and phytoplankton analyses were made between August 2014 and June 2015 at three points on the Santa Lucia lake (Paraiba, Brazil). Tukey and Wilcoxon tests were applied to the data followed by CCA and Anova. Results The submerged macrophyte cover and phytoplankton biomass presented high spatial and temporal uniformity. The increase in rainfall induced small variations in functional groups, promoting increase the N group and reduction of the SN. Conclusion The homogeneity in the composition and structure functional groups along macrophyte cover confirm the tendency that in small and shallow lakes communities of limnetic and shoreline zones tend to be similar.
Changes in equilibrium states in shallow lakes are associated with disturbances and resilience. The study evaluated the structure and composition of phytoplankton functional groups in two lakes, Lagoa do Paó (turbid waters) and Santa Lúcia (clear waters). Monthly collections of limnological variables and phytoplankton occurred between August 2014 and June 2015 in the pelagic region. The lakes shared five functional groups: K, S1 , X1 , W2 and P, formed by coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria, coccoid chlorophytes and euglenophytes, and desmids, respectively. The canonical correspondence analysis evidenced a clear separation, highlighting the groups TD, N, W2 and S1 in Santa Lúcia and functional groups composed of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in Lagoa do Paó (SN, Lo), indicating that the submerged macrophyte coverage can act promoting the phosphorous stabilization in the sediment in Santa Lúcia, reducing its contribution to the water column and inhibiting the dominance of the mentioned species. Temperature, pH, phosphorus and light attenuation coefficient influenced the occurrence of H1 , SN, S1 , W2 , X1 , D, and Lo , in the Lagoa do Paó. The composition and structure of the functional groups responded in the two lakes with some functional groups associated with toxic cyanobacteria occurring exclusively in Lagoa do Paó, having also been observed the sharing of some functional groups.
RESUMO O trabalho objetivou investigar o conhecimento etnobotânico dos alunos sobre as espécies vegetais, na perspectiva de integrar os saberes botânicos locais ao ensino de ciências. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola estadual no município de Areia-PB abrangendo cinco turmas do Ensino Fundamental II. A metodologia foi realizada em três etapas, sendo elas (breve caracterização dos alunos, levantamento etnobotânico sobre as espécies vegetais mais conhecidas pelos alunos e intervenção/exposição através de aulas expositivas, referente as espécies citadas pelo alunos e a sua importância no cotidiano). Os resultados mostraram que os alunos possuem saberes específicos vegetais, somando 38 espécies locais, as quais estão distribuídas em quatro categorias, sendo a categoria das espécies alimentícias citadas em maior abundância, como Cocos nucifera (Coqueiro), Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jaqueira), e Spondias lutea L (Cajazeira). Concluiu-se, portanto, que os saberes dos alunos, são importantes como fonte de informações integradoras para a formação
As ciências naturais com inúmeros esquemas, ciclos e nomenclaturas, exigem do professor criatividade e dinamismo na mediação do conteúdo, sobretudo na melhoria da aprendizagem. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar três propostas lúdicas como recursos didáticos que possam ser aplicados nos mais variados conteúdos de ciências e biologia e contextualizá-las junto às pesquisas que apresentem perspectivas semelhantes quanto à ludicidade como forma de favorecer o trabalho docente. As propostas foram construídas a partir de materiais de baixo custo e fácil acesso. A pesquisa é de natureza teórica e descritiva e visa contribuir na ação pedagógica e na melhoria do ensino e aprendizagem no qual os recursos apresentados poderão ser personalizados para atender diferentes níveis de escolaridade, quando aplicados de maneira correta com regras e finalidades didáticas claras e objetivas. Sendo por sua vez, produtos educacionais valiosos quando bem trabalhados pelo professor que podem auxiliar numa aprendizagem ativa.
BackgroundMemory is a collective ownership based on facts and past events. Aristotle and Agostinho were the first philosophers to investigate it, including the dimensions of time and memory inhabited by man. Northeastern Brazil has a rich cultural history linked to water scarcity in the region, one of the main limiting factors to the development of rural populations. Among alternative sources, temporary ecosystems known as rock pools have been used as rainwater storage in arid and semiarid regions around the world. Considering the hypothesis that the arrival of perennial water sources can impact memory transmission between generations, this study aimed to analyze the popular knowledge about rock pools, a traditional and ancient water source.MethodsInformation about the use and management of rock pools in the Brazilian semiarid region was collected by interviewing residents from a small city near an inselberg. The interviews presented specific questions about the structure, characteristics, traditional knowledge, use and management of rock pools. During sampling, 20 rock pools were visited by two key informants, i.e., those with more experience and knowledge about these ecosystems.ResultsOur results identified that the use and management of rock pools were reduced after the Brazilian government implemented the One Million Cisterns Project. Therefore, despite the historical relevance of these water bodies, their uses were forgotten by most of the inhabitants and those from neighboring locations, remaining for domestic use.ConclusionsResults about traditional knowledge indicated that the generation interviewed still remembers such method. However, with the presence of cisterns, the transmission of traditional knowledge about rock pools has decreased between the families and generations, presenting a serious social risk for a region characterized by extreme and prolonged droughts.
In northeastern Brazil, the drought history has been well documented, reflecting a resilient population with a robust regional identity. Last year, in response to the need to perpetuate water access and reduce scarcity, the Brazilian government implemented a program called the Program One Million Cisterns (P1MC). Considering that the need for water resource perpetuation can impact traditional knowledge transmission between generations, this study aimed to analyze the knowledge regarding rock pools in a small village located in a semiarid region in Brazil. The interviews addressed questions about the traditional knowledge, use, and management of rock pools. The abiotic and biological water variables were collected to establish the population's knowledge status. Our results identified that the use and management of rock pools were reduced after implementing P1MC. Despite the historical relevance of these ecosystems, their use was abandoned by most of the inhabitants, except for domestic use. Therefore, the transmission of traditional knowledge regarding rock pools have decreased between generations, compromising hydric security and representing a serious socio-economic risk for a region characterized by extreme droughts.
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