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Background and aims We aim to cover most of the current evidence on the effect of both diabetes & COVID-19 infection on each other and the management of diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods We utilized databases to review the current evidence related to diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. Results We discussed the most recent evidence of diabetes milieus and COVID-19 regarding risk factors, management, complications, and telemedicine. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus carry a significant risk of complications, more extended hospital stays, and mortality in COVID-19 infected patients.

Background /Aim: Various reports of the occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in patients with COVID-19 have been published, denoting an association between both diseases. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review to summarize the prevalence of T1DM in COVID-19 patients and to identify the clinical presentations and outcomes in this patient population. Materials and methods Up to 10/27/2020, Medline, Embase, cochrane and google scholar databases were searched for original studies investigating the association between COVID-19 and T1DM. A manual search was conducted to identify missing studies. The quality of included studies was analyzed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) risk of bias tool. Outcomes included length of hospital stay, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe hypoglycemia, and death. Results Fifteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Included studies reported data of both adult and pediatric patients. The prevalence of T1DM in COVID-19 patients ranged from 0.15% to 28.98%, while the rate of COVID-19 in patients with T1DM ranged from 0% to 16.67%. Dry cough, nausea and vomiting, fever and elevated blood glucose levels were the most commonly reported presentations. The investigated outcomes varied widely among studied populations. Conclusions The prevalence of T1DM in patients with COVID-19 ranged from 0.15% to 28.98%. The most common presentation of COVID-19 in patients with T1DM included fever, dry cough, nausea and vomiting, elevated blood glucose and diabetic ketoacidosis. The outcomes of COVID-19 in terms of length of hospital stay, hospitalization, ICU admission, DKA rate, and severe hypoglycemia were reported variably in included studies. Due to the heterogeneous study populations and the presence of many limitations, more studies are still warranted to reach a definitive conclusion.

BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel therapeutic agents used for various types of cancer. ICIs have revolutionized cancer treatment and improved clinical outcomes among cancer patients. However, immune-related adverse effects of ICI therapy are common. Cardiovascular immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are rare but potentially life-threatening complications. AIM To estimate the incidence of cardiovascular irAEs among patients undergoing ICI therapy for various malignancies. METHODS We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis by searching PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases for relevant interventional trials reporting cardiovascular irAEs. We performed a single-arm meta-analysis using OpenMeta [Analyst] software of the following outcomes: Myocarditis, pericardial effusion, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest. We assessed the heterogeneity using the I 2 test and managed to solve it with Cochrane’s leave-one-out method. The risk of bias was performed with the Cochrane’s risk of bias tool. RESULTS A total of 26 studies were included. The incidence of irAEs follows: Myocarditis: 0.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1%-0.9%]; Pericardial effusion: 0.5% (95%CI: 0.1%-1.0%); Heart failure: 0.3% (95%CI: 0.0%-0.5%); Cardiomyopathy: 0.3% (95%CI: -0.1%-0.6%); atrial fibrillation: 4.6% (95%CI: 1.0%-14.1%); Myocardial infarction: 0.4% (95%CI: 0.0%-0.7%); and Cardiac arrest: 0.4% (95%CI: 0.1%-0.8%). CONCLUSION The most common cardiovascular irAEs were atrial fibrillation, myocarditis, and pericardial effusion. Although rare, data from post market surveillance will provide estimates of the long-term prevalence and prognosis in patients with ICI-associated cardiovascular complications.

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has left a significant impact on the world's health, economic and political systems; as of November 20, 2020, more than 57 million people have been infected worldwide, with over 1.3 million deaths. While the global spotlight is currently focused on combating this pandemic through means ranging from finding a treatment among existing therapeutic agents to inventing a vaccine that can aid in halting the further loss of life. AIM To collect all systematic reviews and meta-analyses published related to COVID-19 to better identify available evidence, highlight gaps in knowledge, and elucidate further meta-analyses and umbrella reviews that are yet to be performed. METHODS We explored studies based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses with the key-terms, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), SARS virus, coronavirus disease, COVID-19, and SARS coronavirus-2. The included studies were extracted from Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. The publication timeframe of included studies ranged between January 01, 2020, to October 30, 2020. Studies that were published in languages other than English were not considered for this systematic review. The finalized full-text articles are freely accessible in the public domain. RESULTS Searching Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases resulted in 1906, 669, and 19 results, respectively, that comprised 2594 studies. 515 duplicates were subsequently removed, leaving 2079 studies. The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews or meta-analyses. 860 results were excluded for being a review article, scope review, rapid review, panel review, or guideline that produced a total of 1219 studies. After screening articles were categorized, the included articles were put into main groups of clinical presentation, epidemiology, screening and diagnosis, severity assessment, special populations, and treatment. Subsequently, there was a second subclassification into the following groups: gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological, stroke, thrombosis, anosmia and dysgeusia, ocular manifestations, nephrology, cutaneous manifestations, D-dimer, lymphocyte, anticoagulation, antivirals, convalescent plasma, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, technology, diabetes mellitus, obesity, pregnancy, children, mental health , smoking, cancer, and transplant. CONCLUSION Among the included articles, it is clear that further research is needed regarding treatment options and vaccines. With more studies, data will be less heterogeneous, and statistical analysis can be better applied to provide more robust clinical evidence. This study was not designed to give recommendations regarding the management of COVID-19.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically relevant cardiac arrhythmia in adults. It is more common in the elderly, affecting about 1% of people under 65 years old but 5% of people over 65. 1 AF is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and has adverse effects on overall quality of life. Even patients with short-term (≤7 days) AF have an increased risk of stroke. 2 Furthermore, given the aging of our society, the economic burden of AF is enormous. Current management options are suboptimal. Outcomes of rhythm and rate control efforts have shown the limited efficacy and high side effects of both methods. 3 Therefore, there is a significant need for alternative, safe, and effective methods of treatment. This strong need has prompted a fundamental re-evaluation of the pathophysiology of AF with the goal of finding new approaches to treatment. Inflammatory processes are among the major focuses of current medical research and there are increasing evidences that inflammation may play a major role in cardiovascular diseases including

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