Abstrak- Setiap tahunnya produksi kelapa sawit makin meningkat, sehingga akan terjadi peningkatan juga pada limbah kelapa sawit. Limbah kelapa sawit adalah sisa-sisa hasil tanaman kelapa sawit yang tidak termasuk dalam produk utama atau merupakan hasil ikutan dari proses pengolahan kelapa sawit. Limbah padat kelapa sawit dapat berupa tandan kosong, cangkang dan sabut, dimana pada 1 ton kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah berupa tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebanyak 23% atau 230 kg, limbah cangkang sebanyak 6,5% atau 65 kg, sabut 13% atau 130 kg. Umumnya limbah padat industri kelapa sawit mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi sehingga jika penanganan limbah secara tidak tepat akan mencemari lingkungan. Pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai PLT biomassa, pupuk dan bioetanol. Untuk cangkang kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai karbon/arang aktif, pembuatan pupuk cair kalium sulfat, pengawet alami tahu, bahan bakar (biomassa), briket. Untuk sabut kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan penguat sifat mekanik komposit, fiber glass, pengolah limbah cair, pembuatan pulp, media tanaman alternatif, alternatif pengganti solar dan batubara sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit listrik. Masih banyak yang bisa di lakukan untuk pemanfaatan limbah padat kelapa sawit dengan dilakukan penelitian. Kata Kunci: limbah padat kelapa sawit, TKKS, cangkang kelapa sawit, sabut kelapa sawit Abstract- Each year, palm oil production increased, so that there will be an increase also in palm oil waste. Waste of palm oil crops are not included in the main product or a by-product of the processing of palm oil. Solid waste can be either oil palm empty fruit bunches, shells and fiber (coir), which on 1 ton of palm oil generates waste in the form of empty fruit bunches of oil pam as much as 23% or 230 kg, the waste shell as much as 6.5% or 65 kg, coir (fiber) 13% or 130 kg. Generally palm oil industrial solid waste contain organic matter so that if the improper handling of waste will pollute the environment. In the oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) PLT can be used as biomass, manure and bioethanol. For palm kernel shells can be used as a carbon/charcoal, liquid potassium sulphate fertilizer production, and natural preservatives. To coir (fiber) palm oil can be used as a reinforcing material for the mechanical properties of the composite, fiber glass, liquid waste processing, manufacture of pulp, media alternative crops, alternative to diesel and coal as fuel for electricity generation. There is still much that can be done for solid waste utilization of palm oil by doing a research.Keywords: solid waste of palm oil, EFB, palm kernel shells, fiber of palm oil
Marjenah, Putri NP. 2017. Morphological characteristic and physical environment of Terminalia catappa in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asian J For 1: 33-39. Tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) is a large, spreading tree distributed throughout the tropics in coastal environments. The tree is tolerant of strong winds, salt spray, and moderately high salinity in the root zone. It is widely planted throughout the tropics, especially along sandy seashores, for shade, ornamental purposes, and edible nuts. The timber can be made into a useful and decorative general-purpose hardwood and is well suited for conversion into furniture and interior building timbers. Fruits are produced from about 3 years of age. The leaves change color from green to red, yellow or gold and copper brown during the dry season and then are shed. Terminalia catappa L. belongs to the family Combretaceae. This study aims to determine the morphological characteristics and physical environment of T. catappa. Habitat and to obtain T. catappa Linn. tree that produces the best biodiesel. The research object was a T. catappa trees planted as shade trees on the side of road in three regency/cities (Balikpapan, Samarinda, and Kutai Kartanegara), that are categorized in pursuance of the height above sea level. Data collected from each tree are Physical Environmental and Morphological Characteristics. The flushing, flowering, and fruiting are also observed, to determine the fruit/seed produced by a T. catappa tree.
Abstract. Carrageenan is a derivative product of seaweed that used in various fields such as pharmacy, food and cosmetics. One of the most widely used carrageenan from seaweed was Eucheuma cottonii sp. The research was conduct to determine the effect of post-harvest seaweed pretreatment on yields of Carrageenan. The first pre-treatment done by using the fresh seaweed that has been washed clean then directly dried. The second pre-treatment, washed seaweed soaked with clean water for seven days and then dried with a dryer. Drying time for the first and second pretreatments is varied, then dried seaweed extracted with water to produce carrageenan. The analyses performed were moisture content of seaweed and yields of Carrageenan. The results of the research found that the initial moisture content of seaweed on the second pre-treatment was greater than the first pre-treatment. The variation of drying time on the first pretreatment did not affect significantly on the yields, but in the second pretreatment, yield of carageenan increased with accumulation drying time.
Abstract- Terminalia catappa Linn. (ketapang) is a coastal tree with a widespread area. Its derived from the tropics of India, and spread to Southeast Asia, Northern Australia and Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean. This study aims to determine the effect of maceration time on the density of the species, yield, and % FFA from oil of ketapang. The research procedure is done by soaking ketapang seed powder wrapped with filter paper into a chemical glass containing 500 mL of n-Hexane solvent. Then the solvent which has been mixed with oil, separated by distillation. Variables used in this research is the variation of immersion time in the unit of day. The results of the research are 25-31 mL of oil volume, yield percentage of 0.44-0.52, density of 0.84-0.88 g / mL, 28-35% percentage of FFA. Ketapang oil obtained a lot of fatty acids that can be used as raw materials for making biodiesel but it needs to be pre-esterification first to reduce levels of FFA up to 2%. Keywords: FFA, Ketapang Oil, Maseration, Yield
Biodiesel terbuat dari minyak nabati yang berasal dari sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui. Bahan baku yang berpotensi dalam pembuatan biodiesel antara lain kelapa sawit, biji-bijian dari wijen, kapas, kedelai, jarak pagar, karet, alpukat, nyamplung, dan sebagainya. Biji ketapang salah satu yang dapat dibuat biodiesel. Ketinggian tempat di atas permukaan laut (dpl) mudah berubah dari satu tempat ke tempat lain, ini berpengaruh terhadap suhu udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pada elevasi berapa produksi buah terbanyak dan jumlah biodiesel yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah sekitar Kalimantan Timur yang memiliki elevasi yang berbeda. Lokasi pengambilan sampel adalah Samarinda, Balikpapan, dan Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara), sebanyak 118 batang pohon ketapang dijadikan sampel uji. Produksi buah per pohon harus diketahui untuk menentukan produksi biodiesel yang akan dihasilkan oleh tegakan ketapang per ha. Hubungan antara elevasi dan produksi buah akan diketahui dengan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran biji bervariasi dari satu tempat ke tempat lain dari elevasi yang rendah ke elevasi yang lebih tinggi. Jumlah biji antara 22 – 69 biji/kg atau rata-rata 40 ± 11 biji/kg. Hasil sementara yang diperoleh pada seluruh elevasi adalah100 g bubuk biji ketapangmenghasilkan 49 - 65 mlminyak ketapang dan 58 – 80% crude biodiesel.Katakunci: Elevasi; produksi buah; Terminalia catappa; biodieselBiodiesel made from vegetable oilderived from renewable natural resources.Some potential raw material for making biodiesel that is palm oil, grains of sesame, cotton, soybean, jatropha, rubber, avocado, callophyllum etc. Tropical almond seed is one of the materials that can be made biodiesel. Elevation change from one place to another, ,this factor affects to the air temperature. The purpose of this study isto find out on the elevation of the largest fruits productionand the best biodiesel production. This research was conducted in East Kalimantan (Samarinda, Balikpapan, and Kutai Kartanegara regency). As much as 118 trees of tropical almond used as test samples.Production of fruits per tree should be knownto determine the production of biodiesel produced by stands per ha.The relationship between elevation and fruits production will be known by multiple regression.Research.result obtained that seed size variously from place to place and from low to higher elevation. Number of seeds between 22 - 69 seeds / kg (40 ± 11 seeds / kg). Temporary resultfor biodiesel production 100 g of tropical almond seed powderproduce 49 – 65 ml of tropical almond oil and 58 – 80% yield crude biodiesel
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