Morphological characteristic and physical environment of Terminalia catappa in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Marjenah, Putri NP. 2017. Morphological characteristic and physical environment of Terminalia catappa in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asian J For 1: 33-39. Tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) is a large, spreading tree distributed throughout the tropics in coastal environments. The tree is tolerant of strong winds, salt spray, and moderately high salinity in the root zone. It is widely planted throughout the tropics, especially along sandy seashores, for shade, ornamental purposes, and edible nuts. The timber can be made into a useful and decorative general-purpose hardwood and is well suited for conversion into furniture and interior building timbers. Fruits are produced from about 3 years of age. The leaves change color from green to red, yellow or gold and copper brown during the dry season and then are shed. Terminalia catappa L. belongs to the family Combretaceae. This study aims to determine the morphological characteristics and physical environment of T. catappa. Habitat and to obtain T. catappa Linn. tree that produces the best biodiesel. The research object was a T. catappa trees planted as shade trees on the side of road in three regency/cities (Balikpapan, Samarinda, and Kutai Kartanegara), that are categorized in pursuance of the height above sea level. Data collected from each tree are Physical Environmental and Morphological Characteristics. The flushing, flowering, and fruiting are also observed, to determine the fruit/seed produced by a T. catappa tree.

Effect of some Cultivation Factors and Extraction Methods on Terminalia Catappa L. Seed Oil

“…In a study of TC diversity in Nigeria, the seed weight was about 0.93-3.81 g [34]. The TC seed weight from Indonesia was in range of 5.06-7.33 g [31]. The seed oil content of TC was also showed in the previous research and the value was in range of 30-60% [2,6,11,12].…”

“…It is explained that the eastern site could receive more sunlight intensity than others. In many previous studies, the light condition was mentioned as an important factor influenced photosynthesis and accumulating the metabolites in tree growth and crops [31][32][33]. For example, even in one apple tree, the fruits at the different places on the trees (on top, inside the canopy, east side, or west side) observed the different size, color, and other characteristics due to the change of light condition [33].…”

“…The second harvest time (July-August) is the rainy season in Vietnam (from April to October); therefore, the rainy and cloudy weather could affect the TC fruit crop. Marjenah and Putri [31] reported that cloudy weather could cause the decrease of photosynthesis reactions in the tree then lead to the falling down of the young TC fruits. In our result, the appropriate period to collect the TC seeds is from March to April with the seed weight and seed oil content of 3:658 ± 0:089 g and 56:62 ± 0:125%, respectively.…”

Antioxidative Potential of Terminalia catappa L. Leaves in Reducing Plasma Ox-Ldl in Atherosclerosis

“…T. catappa is a member of the Combretaceae family (Combretum family). [5] Indian almond, Malabar Almond, and Tropical Almond are some of its other names. Beta-kaempferol, terflavin, gentisic acid, and quercetin are among the phytoconstituents found in the plant, particularly in the leaves.…”

The Role of Structure Canopy of Terminalia Catappa Linn. on Light Penetration and Decreasing Ambient Temperature as Climate Change Mitigation

“…Tropical almond leaves before shedding change its color first; from green, yelloworange, then brown-red to purple and then fall. At the time Tropical almond leaves orange, red-purple will give the beauty as it was autumn (Marjenah and Putri 2017a). In India, Raju et al (2012) recorded information that T. catappa changes foliage twice in a year, the first during February-March and the second during June-August, each time with the shedding leaves and a new foliage puts forth.…”