This research aims to describe the strategies and the effectiveness of history module based on problems in increasing the solidarity of Senior High School Students. The efforts to improve the social solidarity of Senior High School Students were done to minimalize the problems which occurred in the school environment and to find the conflict resolution on multicultural society. To achieve the objectives, this research used combination methods of qualitative and quantitative which refer to the design of exploratory sequential mixed methods. The result of the research shows that students could understand the material and solve the problems structurally through history module based on problems. The problems arranged in the module are contemporary and associated with interethnic conflict in the students' environment while the material on the module is local history. The students' understanding towards the material and the ability relating to the contemporary problem can improve the social solidarity. Based on the statistic data analysis, the history module based on problems is effective to improve the social society.
This research aims at developing a problem-based local history module as learning media to improve the critical thinking ability of Senior High School students. This research employed a research and development (R&D) method referring to ADDIE development design. The procedure of designing ADDIE development included (1) analyzing to identify the learning media needed, (2) designing to organize the material of module corresponding to basic competency and indicator, (3) developing to obtain the finished product of module through validation and limited and large-scale trials, (4) implementing the module during learning process, and (5) evaluating to find out the effectiveness of module. The results of the research show that the problem-based local history module effectively improves the students' critical thinking ability. Through this module, the students are directed to understand a variety of aspects affecting a problem and relating it to the knowledge owned. The problems organized in the module are contemporary and related to the student environment. The process of connecting new knowledge to preexisting knowledge enables the students to develop their own knowledge and to improve their critical thinking ability in solving the problems.
United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country.
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