Climate disasters pose a risk to residents’ well-being globally. However, information about the impact of climate disasters among urban and rural residents remains lacking, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to fill the gap by investigating the impact of climate disaster on subjective well-being based on urban and rural typology model. The data were cross-sectional, involving 7110 Indonesian residents who had experienced climate disasters, 3813 from urban areas and 3297 from rural areas. An ordered probit model was employed to estimate the impact of climate disasters on subjective well-being (i.e., happiness and life satisfaction). In general, the empirical results show that climate disasters do not significantly affect the happiness of Indonesian residents, but they significantly and negatively impact their life satisfaction. Further analysis reveals that climate disasters impact urban and rural residents differently. The subjective well-being of rural residents is more severely affected than those living in urban areas. Further estimation also indicated that climate disaster significantly reduces residents’ subjective well-being at the lowest income level for both rural and urban residents. Our finding confirms that rural residents remain the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

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ABSTRAKKelangkaan tenaga kerja panen padi menyebabkan jadwal panen tertunda atau tidak tepat waktu. Keterlambatan panen dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas maupun kuantitas hasil produksi. Salah satu jenis mesin pertanian dalam pengembangan pertanian modern saat ini adalah alat panen menggunakan Combine Harvester. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sikap, norma subjektif dan kontrol perilaku terhadap niat adopsi petani dalam menggunakan teknologi Combine Harvester. Rancangan / metodologi / pendekatan responden yang dipilih sebagai sampel adalah petani yang mengetahui atau menerapkan Combine Harvester di Kecamatan Jetis, Kabupaten Mojokerto. Metode penelitian menggunakan probability dengan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) -Partial Least Suare (PLS) dengan 80 responden. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari ketiga faktor adalah sikap, norma subjektif , dan kontrol prilaku berpengaruh positif terhadap niat petani dalam menggunakan teknologi Combine Harvester. Faktor norma subjektif adalah prediktor utama dalam mempengaruhi niat adopsi petani dalam menggunakan teknologi. Kemudian dilanjutkan oleh sikap petani dan kontrol perilaku.Kata kunci: niat adopsi petani; teknologi combine harvester; theory of planned behavior ABSTRACTThe scarcity of rice harvest labor causes the harvest schedule to be delayed or not on time. The delay in harvesting can cause a decrease in the quality and quantity of production. One type of agricultural machinery in the development of modern agriculture today is a harvesting tool using Combine Harvester. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control of farmers' adoption intentions in using Combine Harvester technology. The respondent's design/methodology/ approach chosen as the sample are farmers who know or apply Combine Harvester in Jetis District, Mojokerto Regency. The research method uses probability with a simple random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) -Partial Least Suare (PLS) with 80 respondents. The results of the study obtained from the three factors are The results of the study obtained from the three factors are attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control that had a positive effect on farmers' intention to use Combine Harvester technology. Subjective norms are the main predictors in influencing farmers' adoption intentions in using technology. Then continued by the attitude of farmers and behavioral control.

The collapse of the Indonesia authoritarian regime in 1998 further elevated the role of the local level groups including Forest Farmer Groups (FFGs) in rural development. This research aims to describe changing the role of FFGs due to the formalization process of development which established them as the only partners at the local level. Taking the case of forest farmer groups in three chosen villages by anthropologic approaches, formalization of development policies to push forest farmer groups from purely serving the role of development agent to fulfillment of legal conditions for a project to run, giving rise to bribery and other corrupt behaviors. Policies stating that farmer groups are the only grassroots partners eventually forces development agents to hire these groups as partners only for capturing and controlling the program by elites both locally and outside villages. Reflecting on the issue above, it is necessary to revisit the development formalization policy pertaining to forest farmer groups’ involvement as to their relevance or irrelevance, especially in the case of forest resources management and rural development on the micro scale. In addition, a model of forest farmer group organizational improvement as well as human resources, especially in terms of rules and succession to make the groups more dynamic and responsive to social environment changes. This research is limited to changes in the role of FFGs in forest management, while the resources they manage will continue to increase in line with government policies to involve them in projects outside forest management.