The purpose of this research is to investigate wastewater treatment with ozone pretreatment and post-treatment integrated with Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). Ozonation as a pre-treatment served to increase the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)/Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ratio while as a post-treatment to remove the remaining organic residues. Ozone doses were 1 mg/min, 4 mg/min, 20 mg/min, and 40 mg/min. In the pre-treatment, ozone produced a BOD/COD value of 0.68. The MBBR process had a COD and color removal efficiency of 68.89% and 67%, respectively. In the MBBR process without ozone pre-treatment, the efficiency of COD and color removal were 79.31% and 64.7%, respectively. The effluent treatment results from MBBR were then processed with ozone and showed the highest COD and color removal results of 76.8% and 99%, respectively. In this study, the processing with ozone as post-treatment was better than the pre-treatment.

Determinants of pregnancy hypertensive disorders in Indonesia PurposeThis study aimed to assess the determinant factors of gestational hypertension (HDP) in Indonesia.MethodsThis research was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design. Sampling was calculated using consecutive sampling technique. The subjects were all pregnant women aged 15-54 years old in 33 provinces in Indonesia and 9024 women were selected as subjects. Chi-square and binomial regression tests were used to analyze the determinants of HDP to see the value of the Ratio Prevalence (RP). ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension among pregnant women was 6.18% (558 people) after being adjusted with external variables which were potentially confounders. The highest of hypertension was found in West Java with 59 pregnant women (10.57%). Overweight and chronic hypertension were related to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with RP: 2.13 (95% CI: 1.80-2.51); and in overweight with RP: 4.36 (95% CI: 3.6-5.26) in hypertension assessments. The use of contraceptives was not a risk factor for hypertensive disorders in Indonesia with RP 0.92 (95% CI: 0.76-1.10). ConclusionOverweight and chronic hypertension are risk factors for the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Indonesia.

The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Bali has various environmental impacts. One of the updates on sustainable waste processing is the RDF treatment plant processing. Before carrying out the processing, MSW characterization is needed because each region has a diverse composition. The processing of MSW into RDF provides benefits for achieving MSW reduction targets, renewable energy use, and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For this reason, this study was conducted to determine the potential of MSW in Bali as an alternative to renewable fuel and its potential to reduce GHG. MSW's potential calorific value as a raw material for RDF in Bali can reach 9.58 - 17.71 MJ/kg. The implementation of processing waste into RDF in pellets has shown a calorific value of ± 3904 - 4945 kkcal/kg. Implementing MSW processing into RDF in Bali can reduce GHG by 178 - 330 times compared to open dumping.

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In 2019, Indonesia seasoned another haze disaster due to peat fires. In the South Sumatra province, fires occurred in most of the peatland areas. The research aims to identify peat fires that occur in protected forest areas in The South Sumatra. The boundary of the protected forest area is obtained from the Forest Department of South Sumatra Province. Meanwhile, the fire events in the study area were analyzed by the hotspot distributions data during the dry season 2019 (Juni-November). The identification of fires (hotspot data) on the peat area uses peat distribution data from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The geographic information system technique with a spatial analysis method is used in this research. The identification results show that only a small part of the peatland in the study area has the status of protected forest areas. Most of the protected forests in the South Sumatra peat area burned in 2019. The results of this study indicate that the natural conditions of the peat ecosystem in protected forest areas have been degraded due to fire events. On the other hand, peat fires in protected forest areas indicate human activity for resource use and land use in the area.

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The haze disaster in Indonesia is an anthropogenic disaster that recurs during the dry season. The current haze disaster is driven by a fire event that is divided into forest fires and peat fires. This study aim is identifying the fire events that have occurred in the South Sumatera region for the 1995-2019 period. The fire events that occur in the study area were analyzed using hotspot data during the observation period. Meanwhile, the peat distribution data is obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. To attain the research aim, the spatial analysis method using geographic information system technology was applied to the observation data. The results showed that the fire events in The South Sumatera were dominated by peat fires. During the observation period, approximately of all peat hydrological units in the study area experienced fires in varying intensity. Based on the result, until 2019 the fire events were recurring, especially in the peatlands of Sumatera. More precise and efficient needed to prevent and handle forest and land fires are needed.

The number of words should not exceed 350. Depok City is one of Indonesia's big cities, which is currently focused on processing waste-to-energy. This research was conducted to study and describe waste management in Depok City to become renewable energy. Secondary data from the Depok City local government's inventory was used to determine the generation and composition of municipal solid waste (MSW). The waste's characterization was taken from the material recovery facility of Depok City, located at Jalan Merdeka. The amount of waste generated in Depok City is predicted to reach 681.612 tons/year by 2025. The significant waste composition items were food waste, garden waste, textiles, paper, and plastics. The result shows that the potential heating value for the waste was 35.04 MJ/kg Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) at a temperature range of 30-800 ° C showed only 1.39% leftover food, but mass decline at 30-110 ° C occurred quite slowly due to high air content. The optimum combustion temperature for paper, plastic, and garden waste are 317-430°C, 404.5-447.15°C, and 251.78-479.9°C, respectively. The total heating value obtained was equivalent to the electrical energy of 6635.2 GWh/year in 2025. A 1-tailed ANOVA analysis with a significance of 90% parameters of water content, carbon (C) composition, hydrogen composition (H), and oxygen composition (O) presented significances of 0.090; 0.005; 0.003; and 0.037, respectively.