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This research focused on the nephroprotective activity of phycocyanin (C-PC) a bleu protein pigment extracted from new halophile cyanobacteria Phormidium versicolor against cadmium induced renal damage in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study, 25 µg /ml C-PC was assessed for nephroprotective activity against 35 µg /ml of cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in HEK293 cells by determining cell viability. The effect of Cd on lipid peroxidation and antioxydant capacity (SOD, GPx and CAT) was assessed. The results showed that cells exposed to Cd and treated with C-PC caused a significant increase in cell viability reached 90%. Morphological studies also supported the protective action of C-PC. In addition, in vivo study showed that the C-PC treated rats significantly prevented Cd-induced elevation of creatinine and urea concentrations. Antioxydant parameters catalase (CAT), Superoxyde Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxydase (GSH-Px) of rat kidneys treated by C-PC were significantly antagonized for the pro-oxydant effect of Cd-exposure. This study suggests that P.versicolor phycocyanin has a significant in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential on Cd-caused HEK293 and rats kidney.

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The saltern of Sfax is a thalasso haline paralic ecosystem were the salinity ranged from 45 to 450 PSU. The microalgae distribution of saltern showed a spatial ecological succession. The specific richness of microalgae decreased with the salinity, accounting 37, 17 and 5 species at three level of salinity from 40 to 80, 80 to 200 and 200 to 450 PSU, respectively. To better understand the behavior of the hyper-halo tolerant microalgae, three autotrophic species Halamphora sp. SB1 MK575516 (Diatom), Phormidium versicolor NCC-466 (Cyanophyceae) and Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae) were isolated from each level of salinity and they are grown in batch in artificial seawater at laboratory scale. Growth and metabolites synthesized by these microalgae were assessed. Salinity reacts on the physiology of these three species which possess mechanisms of resistance to more or less effective stresses and generally by the synthesis of different biomolecules such as pigments, sugars, proteins and fatty acids.