Objectives: To inventory and assess the level of local knowledge and use of edible wild plants in the Department of Bondoukou in the north-eastern Côte d'Ivoire. Methodology and Results: focus groups and structured interviews were used to gather information from four indigenous ethnic groups in 7 villages. Species were collected then identified in the laboratory. In total 81 species belonging to 76 genera and 41 families are consumed. From them the families Malvaceae, Annonaceae, Arecaceae and Fabaceae showed up to be the most intensively used. The well-known and most frequently consumed species represent 27.14% of the taxa. The most frequently consumed organs in decreasing order of importance are fruits (57.14 %) leaves (26.19%) and seeds (10.71 %). The other consumed organs are bark (2.38%), flowers, saps and tubers with 1.37% each. The consumption of Coelocaryon oxycarpum Stapf (Myristicaceae), an endemic species of West Africa is reported for the first time. Conclusion and application of findings: Many species identified in the frame of our study area display a large economic importance among women and children. These species are the subject of a local trade that provides extra income to these populations. The valorization (juice preparation or oil extraction) of certain fruits could bring an added value to these species. Other species to a lesser degree used as food may be, however, promising in cosmetics. Coelocaryon oxycarpum is used as a spice in the meal (soup) of women who have just given birth. A phytochemical analysis of the fruits of this species is required to better assess its importance.
Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae) is a sudanese multipurpose species ranging in Côte d'Ivoire, at the north of the 8 th parallel. This species is object of illegal exploitation and the survival of its natural populations is strongly threatened. The sustainable management of this resource requires an improvement of its germinative capacities. To achieve this goal, five pretreatments were applied to seeds collected from a population of Pterocarpus erinaceus in the “Réserve du Haut Bandama”. These treatments include flowing water soaking during three days or 72 hours (STE 3), water soaking at 60 ° C (STE 60), and at 100° C (STE 100), removal of the shell of the fruit (SD) and light fire burning (SF) as well as a control (no pretreatment applied, SND). Germination rate (TG), germination time (DG) and mean germination time (GMT) were evaluated. The results showed that the husked seeds have good germination ability with a rate of 68.5% and a germination time of a week. It also appears that the seeds of the species are very sensitive to heat. Indeed no germination was observed under the pretreatments of light fire burning and soaking in boiling water (100 °C). In addition to this, the shell of the fruit is a factor of dormancy (seed coat / pericarp dormancy). This dormancy can be removed with soaking inflowing water.
L’étude a été réalisée dans trois îlots de forêts naturelles caractérisées par trois différents modes de gestion dans les zones sèches de Côte d’Ivoire. Son objectif est d’évaluer la composition et la diversité floristique de ces reliques forestières afin de promouvoir le meilleur mode de gestion pour la conservation de ces forêts. L’échantillonnage de la végétation a été conduit dans les îlots forestiers de Lataha, de Dolékaha et de Korhogo. La collecte des données a été réalisée à l’aide de la méthode de relevé de surface complétée par des inventaires itinérants. Tous les individus de diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (dbh) ≥ 5 cm ont été mesurés dans des placettes carrées de 25 m de côté. Les résultats révèlent une plus forte richesse spécifique sur le site de Lataha (19,25 ± 4,55) et de Korhogo (17,72 ± 3,28). Les valeurs des indices de Shannon indiquent que la forêt de Korhogo est la plus diversifiée (2,47±0,28). Pour l’indice d’équitabilité de Piélou, la valeur la plus importante est similaire pour les sites de Korhogo et de Dolékaha (0,84± 0,05). Le site de Korhogo regorge encore la plus forte présence des espèces à valeur de conservation. La forêt de Korhogo qui bénéficie d’une cogestion comporte la meilleure composition et diversité floristique. De ce fait, des aménagements forestiers doivent de plus en plus associer les populations riveraines pour une gestion participative. Nos résultats peuvent être utiles pour élaborer des stratégies de conservation efficace des reliques forestières de toutes les zones phytogéographiques du pays et même ailleurs dans le monde.Mots clés: Forêts naturelles, zone sèche, modes de gestion, efficacité de conservation, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire. English Title: Management and effectiveness of conservation of natural forest relics in dry tropical zone: case of the Department of Korhogo (North, Côte d’Ivoire)This study was conducted in three types of natural forest distinguished by three different management methods in dry areas of Côte d'Ivoire. Its aims at assessing the floristic and diversity composition of these forest relics in order to promote the best mode of management for the conservation of these forests. Botanical sampling was conducted in the forest relics of Lataha, Dolékaha and Korhogo. Data collection was performed using surface survey method followed by the itinerant inventories. All individuals at a breast height diameter (dbh) ≥ 5 cm were measured in 25 m square plots. The results reveal a higher species richness at the Lataha (19.25 ± 4.55) and Korhogo (17.72 ± 3.28) site. Shannon index values indicate that the Korhogo forest is the most diversified (2.47 ± 0.28). For Piélou's index, the highest value is similar for the Korhogo and Dolékaha sites (0.84 ± 0.05). The Korhogo site still has the highest presence of species with conservation value. This study showed that the Korhogo forest, which benefits from co-management, has the best floristic and diversity composition. As a result, natural forest developments must increasingly involve local populations for participative management. Our results can be useful in developing strategies for the effective conservation of forest relics in all phytogeographic zones of Côte d’Ivoire and globally.Keywords: Natural forests, dry zone, management methods, effectiveness of conservation, Korhogo, Côted’Ivoire.
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