Xylanase is the key enzyme that involves in the hydrolysis of xylan, the main constituent of the complex hemicellulose of the plant cell wall. In this study, forty actinomycetes that were isolated from the sediment of Kuantan Mangrove Forest, Malaysia, were tested for their ability to produce extracellular xylanase. At least 15 isolates were able to degrade xylan in the primary agar-based screening on marine agar containing 0.1% (v/v) azo-xylan (Birchwood). The degradation of xylan was indicated by the formation of halo zone around the colonies and the clear zone index (CZI) was calculated as a ratio of the clearing zones to the colony size. Isolate K2-04 with CZI 3.35 ± 1.91 was identified through 16S rRNA study as Verrucosispora sp. This isolate was further grown in marine broth and incubated at 30 °C, 200 rpm for 20 days. The growth of K2-04 and the xylanase activity was measured at day 2, 4, 6,12 and 18 respectively. The highest enzyme activity of the crude enzyme was recorded at day 18 (1.836 U/mL) and exhibited stability after 20 days storage at 4°C. This study serves as a preliminary study to characterize the properties of Verrucosispora sp. K2-04, rare actinomycete of Kuantan Mangrove Forest, Malaysia. Index Terms-marine Actinomycetes, xylanase, mangrove, Verrucosispora containing 1 g of dried sediment and 9 ml of sterilized sea water was heated in a water bath at 60°C for 20 min. Morphological differences among the isolates were
Introduction: Mangrove is a complex and unique ecosystem which experiences periodical tidal flooding inundated with low, moderate and high salinity water. Its muddy soil is rich in organic matter derived from the efficient nutrient cycling system and decomposition of mangrove leaves. An adaptation of mangrove microorganisms towards these environmental factors could promote the production of interesting bioactive compounds and enzymes. Methods: This study determines to unravel the identity and biotechnological potential of a Kuantan mangrove actinomycete, strain K3-13, through morphology observation, molecular identification, antimicrobial test and xylan degradation test. Results: The orange-colored mycelium-forming isolates produced spores after a long incubation period, and showed characteristics that resembled Micromonaspora colonies. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K3-13 indicated that the highest similarity was to Micromonospora carbonacea DSM43168 (99%). It was observed that K3-13 produced blue diffusible pigment upon cultivation on agar media. Cross streak assay conducted to detect antimicrobial activity indicated that K1-13 has strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. K3-13 also showed positive xylanase activity by exhibiting decolourization zone in the agar-based assay using azo-xylan as substrate. Conclusions: On the basis of its ability to produce blue pigment, antimicrobial activity against at least two test organisms and positive xylan degrading activity, Micromonaspora K3-13 is concluded as strain worth exploring for its potential biotechnological application as a natural dye, antibacterial drugs and Xylan biodegraders.
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