This qualitative inquiry investigates postgraduate students' conceptions of research methodology and how it contributes to their learning. It explores factors likely to motivate student choice of research methodology and challenges in understanding research methods. The research was carried out at research-intensive universities in New Zealand and in Malaysia with similar postgraduate programmes. Participants were enrolled in Masters and Ph.D. programmes. Findings revealed that participants share a recognition that research methodology is a significant body of knowledge in postgraduate education. However, there were noticeable differences in perspectives regarding what constitutes research methodology and whether or not it should be conceived as a discipline. To some participants, learning research methodology is less of a discipline but rather an acquisition of a set of isolated facts and skills without necessarily acquiring a deeper understanding of research. Furthermore, postgraduate students choose research methodology based on a number of factors such as familiarity with a method, methodological orientation of the primary supervisor, the domain of study, and the nature of research problems pursued. Participants reported that the key challenges they face in understanding research methodology include framing research questions, understanding the theory or literature and its role in shaping research outcomes, and difficulties in performing data analysis.

Summary Five‐week‐old silver barb, Barbodes gonionotus, fry (initial length = 10 mm) were subjected to different salinities of 0, 3, 6 or 9 ppt for 17 days, to then assess their survival and growth. Whole body histological sections were stained with Periodic‐acid Schiff (PAS). Groups of 15 fish were triplicated in each treatment with an ambient temperature (26–28°C). Results showed that growth and condition factor significantly decreased and increased (p < .05), respectively, with the increased salinities after 17 days. While survival was similar (p > .05), between 0 and 6 ppt (at 98% and 87%, respectively), the decrease was significant at 9 ppt (22%). In addition, the fry at 9 ppt had fewer gill mucous cells as well as reduced PAS positive staining intensity within the liver and intestine. This suggests energy was becoming exhausted, leading to mortalities and lower growth. Silver barb early fry were relatively sensitive to elevated salinity, which was likely due to their young age, but short‐term exposure to 3–6 ppt can be used to decrease potential freshwater diseases in the early nursery culture.

Missing data are a universal data quality problem in many domains, leading to misleading analysis and inaccurate decisions. Much research has been done to investigate the different mechanisms of missing data and the proper techniques in handling various data types. In the last decade, machine learning has been utilized to replace conventional methods to address the problem of missing values more efficiently. By studying and analyzing recently proposed methods using machine learning approaches, vital adoptions in accuracy, performance, and time consumed can be highlighted. This study aimed to help data analysts and researchers address the limitations of machine learning imputation methods by conducting a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive overview of using such methods to impute missing values. Novel proposed machine learning approaches used for data imputation are analyzed and summarized to assist researchers in selecting a proper machine learning method based on several factors and settings. The review was performed on research studies published between 2016 and 2021 on adopting machine learning to impute missing values, focusing on their strengths and limitations. A total of 684 research articles from various scientific databases were analyzed using search engines, and 94 of them were selected as primary studies. Finally, several recommendations were given to guide future researchers in applying machine learning to impute missing values.INDEX TERMS Systematic literature review, data imputation, data mining, missingness, data preprocessing, data quality.

Several studies show that the creativity of science students in Indonesia is still low and needs to be empowered and improved. One of the subjects considered difficult by students is genetics because it is abstract and complex. Therefore, educators try technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) model with different strategies. This study aims to analyze and describe the effect of active learning based on the TPACK model with three teaching strategies, namely problem-based learning (PBL), reading, questioning, and answering (RQA), and PBL-RQA, on student creativity in the genetics course at three classes. The research design used was a pre-test-post-test three treatment design. Several teaching strategies used in active learning based on the TPACK model in the genetics course are PBL, RQA, and a combination of PBL-RQA. The research was conducted for one semester. Data was collected through pre- and post-test in the form of description questions distributed through Google Forms. The results showed that the three active learning classes based on the TPACK model have the potential to increase student creativity. The three classes did not differ significantly in increasing student creativity. The three classes have their respective advantages, so educators can choose between the three strategies used by considering the characteristics of students. The three TPACK-based active learning can be used as recommendations in designing the learning process. Educators can also choose the three TPACK-based active learning to empower and increase student creativity.

This research considers displacement in Naipaul's The Mimic Men as a traumatic experience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to the subject of my study, it explores the historical and psychological dimensions of the displacement in the novel, as well as its literary representations. In the first step, I depicted the displacement as a traumatic experience for the protagonist by the illness which displacement causes Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. In the second step, I suggested two ways the protagonist goes through to remember their trauma. These ways are two different kinds of memory, namely, "acting out" and "working through". I take "acting out" and "working through" as different but not opposite processes. "Acting out" and "working through" may never be totally separated from each other, and the two may always mark or be implicated in each other. In the third step, I also looked at the impacts of trauma of displacement on the structural and formal components of The Mimic Men.

The advent of the intelligence age has injected new elements into the development of literature. The synergic modification of Anglo-American (AAL) traumatic narrative (TN) literature by artificial intelligence (AI) technology and interactive design (ID) psychology will produce new possibilities in literary creation. First, by studying natural language processing (NLP) technology, this study proposes a modification language model (LM) based on the double-layered recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm and constructs an intelligent language modification system based on the improved LM model. The results show that the performance of the proposed model is excellent; only about 30% of the respondents like AAL literature; the lack of common cultural background, appreciation difficulties, and language barriers have become the main reasons for the decline of reading willingness of AAL literature. Finally, AI technology and ID psychology are used to modify a famous TN work respectively and synergically, and the modified work is appreciated by respondents to collect their comments. The results corroborate that 62% of the respondents like original articles, but their likability scores have decreased for individually modified work by AI or ID psychology. In comparison, under the synergic modification efforts of AI and ID psychology, the popularity of the modified work has increased slightly, with 65% of the respondents showing a likability to read. Therefore, it is concluded that literary modification by single ID psychology or AI technology will reduce the reading threshold by trading off the literary value of the original work. The core of literary creation depends on human intelligence, and AI might still not be able to generate high-standard literary works independently because human minds and thoughts cannot be controlled and predicted by machines. The research results provide new ideas and improvement directions for the field of AI-assisted writing.

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Most critics find Fan Liuyuan, the male protagonist in Eileen Chang’s novella “Love in a Fallen City” (1943), to be a simple character. What they fail to take into account, however, is the complexity of Fan Liuyuan’s identity as well as his predicament, both before and after his return to China. By adopting the concept of diaspora, the present study explores how his desire for an absent authentic Chinese culture is developed, and how his failure to come to terms with his hybrid identity in his search for pure ethnicity results in a series of fruitless attempts to construct his cultural identity in his homeland. Chang’s depiction of this futile pursuit indicates that pure “Chineseness” exists only in the diasporic imagination rather than in any tangible object or place. Such a revelation negates the essentialization of pure Chineseness and allows for more diverse articulations of diasporic ethnicity.