SynopsisPolyelectrolyte complex formations between two oppositely charged polyions[ionene, poly(vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride), poly(dially1 dimethylammonium chloride), polyaminesulfone, potassium poly(viny1 sulfate), sodium poly(sty1ene sulfonate), poly(acry1ic acid)] have been investigated by conductance and turbidity measurements. It was found that the complex formation of these polyelectrolytes formed in stoichiometry. Adsorption isotherms of water, methanol, acetone, and benzene were determined for the resulting complexes a t 25OC with a gravimetric adsorption apparatus. The differences in adsorption can be exclusively ascribed to differences in ion site and hydrophobic circumstances around the ion site, since each complex has a low specific surface area (<1 m2/g). Amount of adsorption increased in the order of water > methanol > acetone > benzene. This order corresponds to that of the polarity of adsorbate.
The effects of casting conditions of cellulose acetate membrane (Batch-47 type) on its reverse osmosis properties have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, water vapor sorption and reverse osmosis performance.It was found that the membrane consisted of a thin dense layer and a porous substructure. The variation of diffusion coefficient of water calculated from the sorption data corresponded to the change of water flux by a reverse osmosis.This indicates that as soon as a casting solvent is lost from the membrane surface, the dense layer is formed. The flux.Some changes in the compaction effect and membrane shrinkage were noted in the same temperature range as described above. X-ray diffraction and deuteration methods revealed no tion on the surface accompanied by the shrinkage and also to the increase of degree crystallinity in the dense layer.
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