Homozygous deletions (HD) provide an important resource for identifying the location of candidate tumor suppressor genes. To identify the tumor suppressor gene in oral cancer, we employed high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)-array analysis. We identified a homozygous loss of FAT (4q35), a new member of the human cadherin superfamily, from genome-wide screening of copy number alterations in one primary oral cancer. This result was evaluated by genomic polymerase chain reaction in 13 oral cancer cell lines and 20 primary oral cancers and Southern blot in the cell lines. We found frequent exonic HD of FAT in the cell lines (3/13, 23%) and in primary oral cancers (16/20, 80%). FAT expression was absent in these cell lines. Homozygous deletion hot spots were observed in exon 1 (9/20, 45%) and exon 4 (7/20, 35%). Moreover, loss of gene expression was identified in other types of squamous cell carcinoma. The methylation status of the FAT CpG island in squamous cell carcinomas correlated negatively with its expression. Our results identify mutations in FAT as an important factor in the development of oral cancer and indicate the importance of FATs function in some squamous cell carcinomas.
SummaryAccumulation of plasma cells in the synovium is one of the diagnostic hallmarks in the histopathological manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This seems to be prominent even prior to significant B cell infiltration and/or formation of lymphoid follicles in the synovium. To clarify the mechanism of early plasma cell accumulation, we examined in situ expression of chemokines and their receptors using synovial targeting biopsy specimens, which were obtained under arthroscopy from early RA patients. By immunohistochemical staining, plasma cells were found to express a chemokine receptor CXCR3, while synovial fibroblasts in the synovial sublining regions expressed its ligand, Mig/CXCL9. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using targeted lesions of synovial tissues obtained by laser capture microdissection, expression levels of Mig/CXCL9 in the synovial sublining regions were remarkably high and were likely to be associated with interferon (IFN)-g g g g expression. Furthermore, cultured synovial fibroblasts were confirmed to produce Mig/CXCL9 upon stimulation with IFN-g g g g . Our results indicate that in the early stage of RA, plasma cells expressing CXCR3 may be recruited directly from the circulation into the synovial sublining regions by its ligand, Mig/CXCL9, produced by synovial fibroblasts.
The severity and diversity of the histopathology of lupus nephritis are partially associated with the expression of vascular endothelial adhesion molecules in glomeruli.
Pur/iolo,y.y, Tumours of the cardiovascular system. 2nd series, fasicle 15. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1978. ROBINSON FC. Aneurysms of the coronary arteries. Am. Hmi-I J . 1985; 109; 129 135.
ROH LS. PAPARO GP. Primary malignant lym-phoma of the heart in sudden unexpected death.
An innovative total diesel emission control system for diesel particulate and NOx simultaneous reduction is proposed. In this system, the plasma reactor is located outside the emission exhaust pipe and activated gas induced from ozone activated by the plasma is injected into the exhaust pipe. On the other hand, the NOx reduction is achieved using oxygen-poor nonthermal plasma desorption. The concentration of oxygen can be changed either by controlling the incineration state of the engine or by injecting oxygenpoor gas. Experiments are carried out for the emission of small diesel engine generator and high performance is demonstrated. The effective or apparent required plasma energy can be decreased further using this system because of the periodic or intermittent application of the plasma. In the present study, the excellent reduction energy efficiencies of 6.6 g/kWh for PM and 16 g (NO 2 )/kWh for NOx are achieved.
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