Fluctuation-induced cross-field convective particle flux is studied in the cylindrical magnetized plasma assembly for non-linear turbulence analysis (PANTA). The plasma presents a wave turbulence characterized by a limited number of developing modes. To study the link between mode dynamics and particle transport, frequency-dependent time evolution of transport is obtained by applying complex continuous wavelet decomposition on spatio-temporal data from electrostatic probes. The method is shown to recover transport description consistent with other analysis methods for a weakly turbulent state. For a plasma state featuring a large non-sinusoidal structure, the time evolution of transport on the second harmonic of the main fluctuation shows a slow modulation of azimuthal mode number m = 0 with similarities to a zonal perturbation.
Children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at a higher risk for metabolic disorders later in life. In this study, we aimed to characterize young SGA children without catch-up growth and evaluate the effects of GH treatment on endocrinological, metabolic, and immunological parameters. Study design is a one-year single hospital-based study included prospective observation of SGA patients during 12 months of GH treatment. Clinical and laboratory profiles of SGA children at baseline were compared with controls born appropriate size for age. Twenty-six SGA children (median age, 3.4 years) and 26 control children (median age, 3.8 years) were enrolled. Anthropometric, hematologic, biochemical, immunological, and endocrinological parameters were assessed at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the start of GH treatment. As a result, median height SD score (SDS) of SGA children increased by +0.42 with 12-month GH treatment. Body mass index SDS was lower in SGA children than in controls. Serum apolipoprotein A1 increased, whereas apolipoprotein B decreased during GH treatment. Serum leptin and resistin levels, which were lower in SGA children than in controls at baseline, did not change remarkably with GH treatment. Monocyte counts, which were lower in SGA patients at baseline, increased after GH treatment. Neutrophil counts significantly increased after GH treatment. Natural killer cell ratios, which were higher in SGA patients, decreased after GH treatment. In conclusion, there was no evidence suggesting metabolic abnormalities in SGA children. Serum apolipoprotein changes might predict the beneficial role of GH treatment in lowering cardiometabolic risk.
Intermittent pulse events have been observed in the periphery of the linear cylindrical plasmas produced in Plasma Assembly for Nonlinear Turbulence Analysis (PANTA). A novel combination of 32 azimuthal and 3 radial probes enables us to obtain 32 × 3 = 96 pairs of correlations simultaneously. The two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis shows that the intermittent structure is well correlated with quasi-periodic bursts inside the plasma, and it reveals that the intermittent pulse is caused by the passage of a radially elongated and azimuthally distorted localized structure rotating in the ion diamagnetic direction.
Preliminary observation results are reported for a new discharge regime in the Plasma Assembly for Nonlinear Turbulent Analysis (PANTA), where spontaneous transitions in the equilibrium profile and fluctuation spectra occur. Two different states are defined by using the mean density value. Axial and radial profiles are observed for the two states, and large profile changes are found. The spatiotemporal evolution of the transition front is measured. Changes in the fluctuation spectrum are evaluated using conditional average and lock-in average.
BackgroundBotulism is a potentially fatal infection characterized by progressive muscle weakness, bulbar paralysis, constipation and other autonomic dysfunctions. A recent report suggested that cancer chemotherapy might increase the risk for the intestinal toxemia botulism in both adults and children.Case presentationWe report a 5-year-old boy, who developed general muscle weakness, constipation, ptosis and mydriasis during the third induction therapy for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. He had recent histories of multiple antibiotic therapy for bacteremia and intake of well water at home. Repeated bacterial cultures identified Clostridium botulinum producing botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum toxin A was isolated from his stools at 17, 21, and 23 days after the onset. Symptoms were self-limiting, and were fully recovered without anti-botulinum toxin globulin therapy.ConclusionThis is the second report of a pediatric case with cancer chemotherapy-associated intestinal toxemia botulism. Our case provides further evidence that the immunocompromised status due to anti-cancer treatments increases the risk for the development of botulism at all ages in childhood.
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