When performed by experienced physicians, percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy under fiberoptic guidance is a safe method. The risks of early complications and of clinically relevant tracheal stenoses are low. Subclinical tracheal stenoses are found in about 40% of patients following PDT.
Despite barbiturate-induced anesthesia, acute mu-opioid receptor blockade in patients addicted to opioids induces profound epinephrine release and cardiovascular stimulation. These data suggest that long-term opioid receptor stimulation changes sympathoadrenal and cardiovascular function, which is acutely unmasked by mu-opioid receptor blockade. Because of the attendant cardiovascular stimulation, acute detoxification using naloxone should be performed by trained anesthesiologists or intensivists.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.