The practice of female circumcision in Malaysia has been heavily criticized for being like the practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Africa. This criticism started from the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 2018, organized by the United Nations Human Rights (UNHR), which called on Malaysia to stop the practice of female circumcision. Among the accusations made were that the practice of female circumcision was merely a tradition and not a religious requirement. In addition, they denied the authority of the hadith used as evidence for the legitimization of female circumcision, claiming that they were weak and lacked authority. Therefore, this study aims to reassess and re-evaluate the validity and authority of the hadith used as evidence for the legitimization of female circumcision. This study uses a qualitative method, employing historical-textual analysis, to analyze the opinions of hadith scholars regarding the sanad (Transmission) and matan (Text) of the hadith. The results of this study found that the hadith regarding female circumcision has various pathways that can support each other and can be upgraded to hasan li ghayrihi. In conclusion, this study found that the hadith used as evidence for the legitimization of female circumcision is authoritative, thereby affirming that this practice is part of Islamic law.
YouTube is one of digital platforms in spreading the ḥadīth to the public that known as netizen. The topic of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj is one of the popular talks in YouTube particularly among Malaysian Muslims. The influenced presenters of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj attract a significant number of viewers as well as their reflections. However, it is questionable in terms of reliable and quality of ḥadīth whenever they apply mix references between accepted and rejected ḥadīth in their talk on al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj. Consequently, the netizen reflects on their talks with the mode of positive, negative and neutral attitude through the YouTube comments. Therefore, this study focuses on the trend of selected presenters in referring the ḥadīth of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj in the YouTube. Two Malaysian YouTube influenced presenters are selected as a case study. In order to evaluate the impact of both influenced presenters, this study examines netizen’s reflections on their talk of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj in the YouTube comments. This study applied the method of content analysis in evaluating the trend of both presenters in referring the ḥadīth of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj in the YouTube. In analysing netizens’ reflections, the classification attitude that established by Madden, Ruthven, and McMenemy (2013) is undertook as a guide to analyse YouTube video comments. The result of analysis revealed that the trend of mix references between accepted and rejected ḥadīth have been applied by both selected presenters with a significant number of those ḥadīth . Subsequently, the majority of netizen reflects positively on this trend of talk of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj in which the mix references between accepted and rejected ḥadīth have been applied by both presenters. The small portion of netizen reflects negatively and neutral attitude from the delivered talk. These findings signify that the netizen’s reflections on the selected talks of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj on YouTube mostly relies on the trend of presenters whether they refer to the authentic or the rejected ḥadīth.
The practice of female circumcision in Malaysia has been heavily criticized as being similar to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Africa. This criticism followed a 2018 United Nations Human Rights (UNHR) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) recommendation, which called on Malaysia to stop the practice. Among the claims made were that female circumcision is just a tradition and not a religious requirement, and that the hadith used to justify the practice is not authoritative. This study aims to identify the polemics surrounding the practice of female circumcision in Malaysia. It is an initial qualitative study that uses content analysis to analyze data. The study found that there are five main reasons that have caused the polemics regarding female circumcision in Malaysia such as a disagreement regarding the practice of female circumcision in Malaysia, with some viewing it as a local custom. Furthermore, contemporary scholars are debating its legitimacy based on the authentication of relevant hadith sources. Meanwhile, the different methods employed raise concerns about the understanding and implementation of female circumcision among medical practitioners in Malaysia, further exacerbated by the absence of authoritative guidelines on female circumcision by regulatory authorities in Malaysia. In conclusion, this study suggests that the polemics surrounding female circumcision in Malaysia must be resolved by continuing research that can produce safe and Shariah-compliant guidelines.
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