One of the most famous spice species that lives in the tropics is black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). The study of piperine paved the way for its development as a bioactive compound in the treatment of various diseases, this is based on the ancient healing tradition of using black pepper. Our current study aims to isolate and characterize the bioactive compound piperine in Piper nigrum L. Black pepper was extracted with ethanol using the basic soxhletation and percolation methods. The results in the study showed that the extract from the Sokhlet process was yellowish moss green, and the piperine crystal color was yellow and shaped like a needle. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) results were observed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with different eluents and different Rf values were obtained. In addition, observations on the IR spectrum show that the piperine structure has been formed. This study provides an opportunity for a more in-depth exploration of the structure of piperine and future studies are very important to identify the potential utilization of piperine, especially as a basic material in the treatment of various diseases.
Mamaq by the ancestors of the Sasak people was an activity of chewing betel nut, lime, betel leaf, and tobacco, and ending with shrinkage. Betel leaves contain glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and anthraquinones. These compounds contain antimicrobial activity that can fight Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans fungi. Meanwhile, whiting is a strong base because it has a pH of 11-12.5. This is because in the mouth there is saliva which can maintain a pH of around 6.8. Saliva contains phosphate buffer solutions H2PO4- and HPO42-. And gambir contains a component in the form of catechins which function as antioxidants and antibacterials. The purpose of this research is to study philosophical values, especially epistemology, which investigates the origin, and composition of methods and knowledge related to mamaq philosophy and natural science concepts, especially chemistry, and compounds, and what reactions occur in the mamaq process that has not been revealed. The study uses the library method. From the results of thestudy, it was concluded that in addition to the philosophy in the ingredients for mamaq it can also be described the chemical compounds contained in the ingredients for mamaq, starting from whiting, green betel leaf, gambier, and areca nut.
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