The quality of health services is still not optimal, especially in terms of patient dissatisfaction with drug services at pharmacies. A more efficient system can be built only if the waiting time evaluation has been carried out at pharmacies that provide drug prescriptions for patients. This study aims to evaluate the waiting time for prescription services at pharmacies to achieve patient satisfaction with drug services at pharmacies. In this study, Angkasa Farma's pharmacy became the subject of evaluation. The study was conducted with an observational design using descriptive analysis. The waiting time data obtained were then analyzed descriptively and compared with the minimum service standard of waiting time, this is for two types of drugs (prepared drugs and compound drugs). The results of the study based on a sample of 100 recipes and 100 non-concoction recipes are the number of recipes that meet the standards for prescription recipes as many as 37 recipes and for non-concoction recipes as many as 95 recipes. The average waiting time for concoction recipe services is 41.47 minutes and the average waiting time for non-concoction prescription services is 21.29 minutes. The average waiting time for non-concoction prescription services has met the standard, while the waiting time for blended prescription services has not met the standards according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Lipases are versatile enzymes with high specificity toward lipid substrate. They have many industrial applications, such as in food, pharmacy, and green fuel. So far, most explored lipases are from microbial and animal sources, whereas those from plants are less studied. The present study aims to characterize ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn) lipase. The lipase was isolated from germinating ketapang seeds. The activity was determined by hydrolysis of virgin coconut oil (VCO). Biochemical characterization of ketapang lipase includes the optimum temperature, pH, kinetics, metal ions addition, and analysis of substrate specificity. It was shown that ketapang lipase has an optimum temperature of 45 oC, pH 7.5. Ca2+ increases the lipase activity, whereas Na+, K+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ inhibit ketapang lipase to various extents. A comparison of SDS-PAGE and native-PAGE analysis showed that ketapang lipase consists of several protein subunits. A further test by in-gel assay revealed that the 54 kDa, 35 kDa, two bands at ~16 kDa, and 12 kDa proteins showed lipolytic activity against a-naphthyl palmitate substrate. When tested on various chromogenic fatty acid substrates, ketapang lipase showed the highest specificity against short-chain fatty acids (C4 and C8), despite the fact that ketapang oil seed composes mainly of long fatty acid (C18). Since lipases that have high lipolytic activity toward short fatty acids are considered esterases, the esterase activity of ketapang lipase is yet to be determined.
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