Halal food is the most important thing to be considered by the Indonesian Muslim community. Halal food must be free from pork contents both as a basic ingredient and in the manufacturing process. Halal issues arise when there is a process of mixing meat or lard (adulteration) in halal animal meat for economic purposes. This research is a literature study that aims to examine the development of research on methods of detection of pig content in food products to ensure a food product is free from pig content and its derivatives. The method used is the study of literature in the form of journal articles, proceedings, conferences, online news and official sites that have relationships or keywords related to the method of pig content detection. The assessment results show that the detection methods that can be used are PDK (Pork Detection Kit) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis methods to detect pig protein. RT-PCR (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) and digital PCR duplex droplet methods for detecting pig DNA. Gas chromatography (GC) methods, UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy) for analysis of lard. The digital PCR (dddPCR) duplex droplet method has a very specific ability to detect pork content in processed food products compared to other methods. The dddPCR detection and quantification system is suitable for quality control and routine analysis of meat products. This can be taken into consideration for the development of research methods to detect pork content in processed food products that are more effective and efficient in the future.
Several verses of the Qur'an, especially those discussing qitāl,, are often used as legitimacy to commit acts of violence and terror. Al-Baqarah 190-193 instructs Muslims to kill non-Muslims in the name of Allah or it is called the Holy War. Several scholars, both salaf and contemporary, have interpreted this verse with various methods and produced various ideas. In this article, the author tries to explain the Isyari exegesis method that has been used by Sholeh Darat in this verse and produces the values of Sufism and non-violence in Islam. With the isyari method, Sholeh Darat interprets the word war or qitāl,in this verse as a war within ourselves. Even though he lived during the Dutch colonial period, he did not necessarily use this verse to inflame the spirit of war but interpreted it with nonviolent values, namely self-improvement through controlling emotions, desires, and lust. This research found that war in the interpretation of Sholeh Darat focused on the spiritual, namely fighting whatever hindered the soul from reaching its God. Besides that, Sholeh Darat's response to colonialism will also be presented. He used a cultural and intellectual approach to fight colonialism rather than physical resistance. Therefore, this study concludes that the Isyari-Sufi interpretation is closely related to the values of peace and non-violence.
Artikel ini mengkaji empat manuskrip Al-Qur’an yang berada di desa Gogodalem. Menurut kepercayaan masyarakat setempat, manuskrip-manuskrip tersebut merupakan tulisan tangan asli Mbah Jamaluddin. Namun demikian, kajian awal menunjukkan bahwa keempat manuskrip tersebut tidak dapat dinisbatkan kepada Mbah Jamaluddin. Penggunaan alas mushaf yang tidak ditemukan chain line di sepanjang garis vertikal kertasnya mengindikasikan bahwa mushaf tersebut paling awal datang dari awal abad ke-19 M. Selain itu, gaya kepenulisannya mengindikasikan bahwa keempat mushaf ditulis oleh lebih dari satu orang. Jika demikian, maka kepada siapa mushaf tersebut dinisbatkan? Melalui pendekatan kodikologi dan sejarah, kajian ini berupaya memberikan interpretasi sejarah terhadap mushaf Gogodalem. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keempat mushaf memiliki hubungan dengan Keraton Surakarta. Interpretasi ini berpijak pada penggunaan alas mushaf, model iluminasi, dan relasi sejarah yang dimiliki. Sementara itu, deskripsi mushaf menunjukkan bahwa rasm yang digunakan keempat mushaf merupakan campuran antara usmani dan imlai, mengikuti qiraat Imam Hafṣ, serta model iluminasi tetumbuhan (floral) yang sederhana dan tidak mencolok.
Religion commodifications, including the issue of the Quran, are not a real breakthrough in socio-religious studies. Various studies have been carried out. However, the current studies are still limited to descriptions of the variety of commodification and problems that occur and have not reached yet the aspect of dismantling the social intrigues in them. For this reason, this study intends to read the commodification of the Quran as a social phenomenon and at the same time expose the hidden aspects in it. This study uses the social theory of The Consumer Society, initiated by Jean Baudrillard which includes aspects of commodification, media shaping, and social shifting paradigm: needs towards desires and lifestyles, by adopting relevant disciplines of the Quran such as riwayat, qira ah and tajwid. The object to be studied is Mushaf Al-Quran Grand Maqamat or known as Al-Quran Digital Talking Pen Grand Maqamat. After conducting the study, it was found that the commodification of the Quran that occurred was part of the industrialization effort of the Qur’an by using religious actors as an excuse and as a marketing medium. Commodification that occurs is also not in line with the spirit of necessity which refers to the concepts of riwayat, qira ah and tajwid in the Quran.
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