IntroductionDental anxiety is one of the most common types of anxiety amongst the population in the world, including Malaysia. According to JM Armfield et. al., a normal fear is a physiological, behavioural, and emotional response to a feared object or situation. (1) Meanwhile, the pathological anxiety is characterized by the nervousness of impending actual or imagined threat, susceptibility or doubt and may be associated with restlessness, stress, tachycardia and dyspnea unattached to a lucid identifiable reason. (2)Studies have seen relation to the dental anxiety and its nature. 4) Dental anxiety can affect both adults and children, especially the younger children of preschool age. (5) A study has been reported that the high levels of dental anxiety strongly associated with the bad experience and traumatic dental setting, such as dental extraction and needle injection, during delivering the treatment. (6) According to Vassend et. al. and AlSarheed M., the carpule syringe contributes more in increasing the dental anxiety level, may due to the association with the placement of anaesthetic solution which is recognized as the most painful moment in dental care. (7) The placement of anaesthetic solution done by the local injection also known as local anaesthesia. Local anaesthesia is part of pharmacological behaviour management where it can cause temporary loss of sensation including pain in one part of the body produced by a topically-applied or injected agent without depressing the level of consciousness. Pain control is fundamentally vital for the successful treatment and fosters the relationship between the
Introduction Dental technician is at risk of developing occupational respiratory disease due to exposure to various potentially toxic substances in their working environment (Tan et al, 2016). The exposure to the dusts generated from common and daily procedures conducted by dental technicians in the dental laboratory, such as trimming and polishing acrylic dentures and orthodontics appliances is unavoidable (Anthony et al, 2011). Inevitably, the floating dusts in the dental laboratory created a dirty and dusty workplace which takes hours that the dust can float in the dental laboratory environment before it starts to deposit as sediment on the floor. Because of that, the hazardous dust is inhaled by the dental technician mostly during the dust floating period. Apart from that, it has been worse reported that the dental technicians may be exposed to potentially harmful and hazardous workplace due to exposure towards materials that is evaporated or leach a toxic vapor during material mixing and trimming was conducted (Anthony et al,2011; Taira et al,2009; Hu et al, 2006). Since 1939, few cases of silicosis among technician have been reported (Selden at el 1996). A number of studies have reported respiratory problems and lung diseases, mainly pneumoconiosis, within dental technicians (
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