This study focuses on the effect of different dielectric properties in the design of 3-dB planar branch line coupler (BLC) using RT5880, RO4350, TMM4 and RT6010, particularly at high frequency of 26 GHz, the fifth generation (5G) operating frequency. The analysis conducted in this study is based on the dielectric constant, loss tangent and quality factor (Q-factor) associated with the dielectric properties of the substrate materials. Accordingly, the substrate that displayed the best performance for high frequency application had the lowest dielectric constant, lowest loss tangent and highest Q-factor (i.e., RT5880), and it was chosen to enhance our proposed 3-dB BLC. This enhanced 3-dB BLC was designed with the inclusion of microstrip-slot stub impedance at each port for bandwidth enhancement, and the proposed prototype had dimensions of 29.9 mm × 19.9 mm. The design and analysis of the proposed 3-dB BLC were accomplished by employing CST Microwave Studio. The performance of scattering parameters and the phase difference of the proposed BLC were then assessed and verified through laboratory measurement.
This paper proposes a compact size design of wideband bandpass filter (BPF). The broad-side coupling microstrip-slot technique is used to accomplish a good passband response with very low insertion
IntroductionThe immense needs in the direction of high-speed wireless communication connection appear to be never end, despite the current facilitation of the fourth generation (4G) of the wireless communication system. Where, the technology of wireless communication actuates toward fifth generation (5G) with the concept of communication that not restricted to humans but additionally the machine-to-machine and vehicle-to-vehicle, which anticipated by the year 2020. This intense 24/7 desire of the ubiquitous and limitless high-speed communication access to any apparatus at anytime pilots to excessive challenge and problem to the engineers and researchers implying network planning, and radio frequency (RF) and microwave component design. Subsequently, the vital front-end component features in the wireless communication system, includes bandpass filter (BPF). In recent years, it can be seen that various rapid developments in the variety of BPF designs have been reported in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].In [1], the authors present a theory and direct synthesis of a wideband progressively coupled BPF. The designed filter is claimed adequate to accomplish similar manageable number transmission zeros as that of resonators over the passband. The resonators contain a parallel pair attached capacitive loaded, and grounded inductive stubs are linked over a short section of a transmission line with a certain assigned electrical length, which allow the filter to have a wide range of stopband.Besides, numbers of researchers have also proposed a design of bandpass filter by using defected ground structure (DGS) technique [2][3]. In [2], the design has four coupled Ushaped DGS on the common ground plane. Meanwhile, at the top of the designed filter, shunt coupled T-shaped microstrip lines is added in order to act as an inverter for the filter. As a result, the BPF displays two transmission zeros on either side of the passband, thereby improving the selectivity of the filter on both sides of the passband. Similar to the filter reviewed in [3], the DGS has been implemented into the filter designed whereas the motivation of the DGS technique is impending from the bandgap structures of electromagnetic/photonic (EBG/PBG). In the paper, the authors introduce the function of metamaterials. Metamaterials are employed in order to accomplish a variety of performance-enhancement features. The authors have claimed that the filter design with DGS and metamaterials to be simpler compared to the complex EBGs/PBGs.
This article presents the complex ratio measurement unit (CRMU) design formed by enhanced 3-dB branch-line couplers (BLCs), which are placed symmetrically. The first CRMU is formed by four wideband 3-dB BLCs implementing Defect Ground Structure (DGS) and stub impedance techniques that operate over the frequency of 2.5 to 4 GHz. Meanwhile, the other CRMU is formed by four reduced size of enhanced two-section microstrip-slot BLCs with tight coupling of 3-dB over frequency of 2 to 5 GHz. The performances of the CRMU designs are observed and analyzed. The BLCs and CRMUs are designed using CST Microwave Studio. While, the S-parameter performances of the CRMUs are analyzed using Keysight’s Advanced System (ADS) software.
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