Pain is one of the most common reasons that drive people to go to hospitals. It has been found that several factors affect the practices of pain management. In this regard, this study aimed at investigating the underlying determinants in terms of pain management practices. Based on reviewing the previous studies and the suggestions of the KAP model, it was hypothesized that the main elements of the KAP model (attitudes and knowledge) significantly predict the variation in the practices of nurses regarding pain management. A questionnaire comprising the KAP model’ s constructs, i.e. knowledge and attitude towards pain management, as well as pain management practices, was used to collect data from 266 registered nurses (n=266) who are deemed competent in the management of patients’ pain in the Jordanian public hospitals. The two constructs, attitude and knowledge, which are the main determinants of the KAP model were found to independently predict nurses’ practices of managing patients’ pain. Knowledge of pain management was found to be the strongest predictor. Additionally, it was found that about 69% of the variance in pain management could be explained by the constructs of the KAP model. Therefore, it is recommended that the Jordanian hospitals and universities focus on nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards pain management in order to enhance their practices in the field of pain management.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent management practices in safety culture are effective in reducing workplace injuries. Design/methodology/approach -Management practices are an important component of an organization's safety climate. The study was conducted in a major industrial zone in Malaysia. The management practices examined in this study were reward, training, management commitment, communication and feedback, hiring practices, and employee participation. In total, 68 companies participated in this study; the injury data provided by the companies were for three years and 24 musculoskeletal injuries were examined. Findings -The multiple correlation was at 0.43 and the R 2 was 0.19. A significant linear relationship between management practices subscale and injury rates was obtained (F ¼ 2:28, p ¼ 0:14). Rewards, management commitment, feedback and selection were found to reduce injury rates. However, only feedback (t ¼ 22:98) and employee participation (t ¼ 2:01) were significantly predicting the injury rates. Implementing good management practices does reduce injury rates. Research limitations/implications -Nevertheless, a positive relationship for participation with injury rates suggests that a re-examination of these practices is necessary, as it may not be effective in reducing injury rates. Practical implications -It may be posited that although frequency counts of injuries in the workplace do provide some indication of the extent of workplace injury; nevertheless they do not provide a true account of the severity of these injuries. Originality/value -This paper presents empirical findings on the relationship between management practices and injury rates in the industrial sector in Malaysia

HES data were of high quality for the study period. There was no significant change in the prevalence of surgically corrected hypospadias. However, there was an apparent decline in the prevalence of surgically corrected cryptorchidism that may reflect a decrease in the prevalence of the condition or may be due to a decrease in the rate of surgical intervention.

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