Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of intensity of market competition and strategic orientation on the adoption of green initiatives among public listed companies (PLCs) in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was distributed to all 921 PLCs, and 120 samples were analysed. This study used a statistical tool named partial least squares – structural equation modelling (PLS–SEM) for data analysis. Interviews were also conducted with a few selected companies to obtain in-depth information on green practices. Findings The findings of this paper reveal that strategic orientation significantly influences the adoption of green initiatives in Malaysian PLCs while the intensity of market competition does not. Competition on green products or services is not prevalent yet in Malaysia; hence, PLCs are reluctant to make huge investment in green activities. The extent of green initiatives adoption in Malaysian PLCs is just at a moderate level, suggesting that Malaysian PLCs are not so proactive but in the progressing stage of practicing green. PLCs still need some incentives to adopt more green initiatives. Research limitations/implications The present study only focussed on the green initiatives adoption in Malaysian PLCs; hence, the research findings may not be generalizable to other countries. This study only considered the contingency theory and stakeholder theory. Due to the time and cost constraints, the data were collected at only one single point of time; thus, it may inherit the usual limitations of cross-sectional data. Practical implications The findings of this study also give empirical evidence to the practitioners that their decisions to adopt green initiatives are significantly influenced by certain factors. Companies need to understand the key drivers of their green initiatives in order for them to meet the green challenges and to ultimately derive performance from their implementations. Regulatory authorities and financial institutions could facilitate and encourage for the effective implementation of green initiatives by providing more incentives and facilities. Social implications The findings of this study that provide the forces of green initiatives would arouse more environmental concerns among individuals, organizations, and society. The findings of this study also open an eye to the society that commitment of everyone, including upper and lower level of position, is needed in order to create the culture of green for the benefit of society as a whole. Originality/value This study contributes to the environmental management literature in the context of green and sustainable development, and to nurture green practices among industries and society for the aims to achieve the sustainability agenda. This study is conducted to explain the motivation behind the proactive decisions on sustainability practices. The current literature on green issues and sustainability provides limited evidence on what really drives companies to practice green.

Environmental crises have major negative impacts on social, environment and economy in many countries. With the concerns on environmental issues, people and organizations need to adopt sustainability practices. A question arises on the role of accounting in enhancing the effectiveness of environmental practices. Therefore, this paper reviews on the role of management control system (MCS) in managing environmental or green issues and the extent of green integration into MCS. The literature review indicates that MCS plays a very important role in managing green issues. There are various interpretations, dimensions and levels of extent of green integration into MCS.

Abstract:Environmental issues bring about thoughtful questions on the roles of business organisations in society. Irrespective of whether they are contributing to a better environment or worsening it, organisations have to acknowledge environmental or green issues through impact research and measurement. This article aims to examine the extent of green initiatives adoption and its impact on environmental performance of public listed companies (PLCs) in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was conducted on PLCs and data from 120 samples were analysed using a statistical tool partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Interviews were also conducted with a few selected companies to obtain in-depth information on green practices and to support the survey findings. The findings reveal that the extent of green initiatives adoption and environmental performance is at moderate level. Green initiatives adoption positively affects the environmental performance of Malaysian PLCs. The present study contributes to the literature of environmental management in the context of green and sustainable development. It also provides some important contributions for management practices by providing empirical evidence to managers that green initiatives should be extensively adopted to enhance environmental performances.

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The Convergent Parallel Design mixed method is used as the research methodology to assess the usage of multi-touch hand gestures towards fine motor skills among preschool children. This study involved 30 pre-school children aged between 5 to 6 years old from Pusat Asuhan Tunas Islam. The samples are divided into multi-touch gestures group and single touch gestures group. The quantitative data were the test scores of a dot-to-dot activity and the qualitative data were the preschool children's emergent behaviors while engaging with mobile apps and controlling writing instruments. The quantitative data were analyzed by using independent sample T-Test and paired sample T-Test. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups as the independent sample T-Test indicate the value of sig, p = 0.029. The paired sample T-Test also indicate that the pre-test score and post-test score are significantly positive correlated (r = 0.503) and the value of sig, p = 0.005 showed that there is significance difference between pre-test score and post-test score. The statistical data proved that there is an effect of the use multi-touch hand gesture in mobile application towards pre-school children's fine motor skills which is also supported by qualitative findings. As for conclusion, the use of multi-touch hand gestures can help the pre-school children to implement small movements of their fingers which indirectly develop their fine motor skills thus helping them holding and using pencils and some other instruments appropriately.

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Augmented Reality has been widely used in various level of education such as higher-level education, secondary education (lower/upper secondary level), primary education, and in informal learning. However, the implementation in early childhood education is still limited. By using library research methodology, the objective of this paper is to investigate the existing work of augmented reality in early childhood education between 2009-2018. Based on the results, it shows that the publication of augmented reality in early childhood education increased slowly within these past ten years. It has been found that the main advantage of augmented reality is to enhance motivation. Early literacy has been found to be the most used topic with sampling less than 30 children. Finally, 'Marker-based' augmented reality has been widely used with mobile devices and in term of data collection methods, 'Test' has been used the most in this field of research.

Normally, secure communication between client-server applications is established using secure channel technologies such as Transport Layer Security (TLS). TLS is cryptographic protocol which ensures secure transmission of data and authenticity of communication at each endpoint platform. However, the protocol does not provide any trustworthiness assurance of the involved endpoint. This paper incorporates remote attestation in the TLS key exchange protocol to solve this issue. The proposed embedded attestation extension in TLS protocol will provide assurance of sender's platforms integrity to receiver, and vice versa. The CA responsibility in TLS is replaced using own Trusted Certificate Authority (TCA) in our protocol. The credibility of the proposed protocol is studied to secure against replay attack and collusion attack. The proof is performed using AVISPA with High Level Protocol Specification (HLPSL) through Dolev-Yao intruder model implementation of the proposed protocol.