Human bocavirus (hBoV) was first discovered in respiratory samples from children in 2005, and has been classified in the Parvoviridae family. hBoV has also been detected in children with acute gastroenteritis. This study was performed to analyze the frequency and phylogeny of hBoV in the respiratory and stool samples of children with acute respiratory tract illnesses and gastroenteritis during the time period beginning 2006 and ending 2008, at the Virology Research Centre, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, NRITLD, Tehran, Iran. Respiratory and stool samples were screened for hBoV by nested polymerase chain reaction with primers from the NS-1 gene. Nine out of 133 respiratory samples (6.8%) and 6 out of 47 stool samples (12.8%) were positive for hBoV. Ten positive samples (7 respiratory and 3 stool samples) were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by sequencing a fragment of the VP1/VP2 gene junction. The results showed a high similarity among isolates (>or=99%). It was found that hBoV isolates can be divided into 3 genetic groups.

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Background: Cystic fibrosis is a complex progressive disease which assessing its progression and severity is essential. For this purpose there are scoring systems available to evaluate the disease severity. Objectives:The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical status of CF patients using shwachman score system in the pediatric pulmonary ward of Masih Daneshvari Hospital. Patients and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the clinical status with shwachman score system. 23 patients ranging from 5 to23 years were enrolled in this study. All data was extracted objectively from Shwachman-Kulczycki scoring system. Results: The overall mean Shwachman-Kulczycki score was 53.48 ± 13.8. Total scores of < 40 (severe), 41-55, 56-70, and 71-85 were detected in 1.7%, 39.1%, 30.4% and 8.7% of patients respectively. None of the patients were categorized in the excellent range. We found no statistically significant correlation between mortality rate and clinical score (P = 0.136). However, the results showed a statistically significant correlation between mortality rate and Shwachman score, (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Shwachman-Kulczycki score is an easily applied scoring system which can reflect the clinical status of patients objectively. However, concurrent use of other evaluating tools such as pulmonary function test (PFT) and Computed tomography scoring systems provide a more robust monitoring and a reliable evaluation tool.

The clinical outcome of cystic fibrosis is variable in different countries which may reflect environmental influences and the role of early diagnosis on long term outcomes. However, the role of early diagnosis in long-term outcomes of the disease can not be ignored.

Background: Cystic fibrosis is a complex progressive disease which assessing its progression and severity is essential. For this purpose there are scoring systems available to evaluate the disease severity. Objectives:The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical status of CF patients using shwachman score system in the pediatric pulmonary ward of Masih Daneshvari Hospital. Patients and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the clinical status with shwachman score system. 23 patients ranging from 5 to23 years were enrolled in this study. All data was extracted objectively from Shwachman-Kulczycki scoring system. Results: The overall mean Shwachman-Kulczycki score was 53.48 ± 13.8. Total scores of < 40 (severe), 41-55, 56-70, and 71-85 were detected in 1.7%, 39.1%, 30.4% and 8.7% of patients respectively. None of the patients were categorized in the excellent range. We found no statistically significant correlation between mortality rate and clinical score (P = 0.136). However, the results showed a statistically significant correlation between mortality rate and Shwachman score, (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Shwachman-Kulczycki score is an easily applied scoring system which can reflect the clinical status of patients objectively. However, concurrent use of other evaluating tools such as pulmonary function test (PFT) and Computed tomography scoring systems provide a more robust monitoring and a reliable evaluation tool.

Introduction: Asthma exacerbations may occur due to a variety of triggers including respiratory viruses. , Iran between 2014 and 2015. A nasopharyngeal aspirate or swab was obtained from each patient during admission. All samples were maintained at 4°C until submission to the virology laboratory and were tested for respiratory viruses by nucleic acid testing. Results: A total of 60 patients with asthma exacerbations were recruited for this study. Of the 60 samples collected from the patients with acute asthma exacerbations, rhinovirus was detected in 12 patients (20%), respiratory syncytial virus in 5 (8%), adenovirus in 5 (8%), and influenza virus in 1 (1.6%). Respiratory pathogens were not detected in 37 (61%) samples. All the samples investigated showed single viral infection. Conclusions: To conclude, the most common viruses detected were rhinovirus followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus. RSV was more commonly associated with more severe attacks. Both the study design (e.g., time of sampling, age of the patients, etc.) and also the method used for viral detection influence the frequency of detection of the respiratory viruses.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. CF caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and characterized by impaired transport of chloride ions across the cell membrane. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia cepacia have been identified in the cultures of respiratory secretions of CF patients, and infections of these microorganisms are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. In patients with CF, severe inflammation of the airway can cause advanced bronchiectasis, which may result in respiratory failure and death. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the clinical findings of laboratory tests, bacterial colonization, and drug resistance in children and young adults with CF who hospitalized at the

Background and aims Respiratory infections are expressed very soon in the life in humoral immunodeficiencies and often lead to chronic irreversible complications such as bronchiectasis and chronic airflow limitation. This study was conducted to evaluate the pulmonary complications of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies to show the benefits of timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Patients and methods The information of 48 patients involved with a type of predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies, including sex, type of primary immunodeficiency, age at the onset of symptoms, age at diagnosis, recurrent infections, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary radiological and functional abnormalities were recorded and analyzed. Results In 48 patients evaluated, the mean age at diagnosis was 25.63 years. The mean diagnostic delay was estimated to be 13.62 years. The most recurring clinical manifestations, sinusitis (69.6%), otitis (43.5%), and recurrent pneumonia were the cause of frequent admissions in 68.8% of these patients. Bronchiectasis was frequently found (58.3%) in these patients mostly involving the middle and lower lobes (48.8% and 41.5%, respectively). Conclusions Respiratory complications, infectious or non-infectious, determine the prognosis of the disease in patients with predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management may improve life expectancy and the quality of life in these patients.