Purpose – Previous studies on the effect of entrepreneur education are not comprehensive. Thus, estimating the effect of entrepreneur education is imperative. According to the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MoE), only 1.7 percent (as of 2013) of university graduates are self-employed, that is managing one’s own business or known as graduate entrepreneurs. Consequently, a huge gap exists between what is targeted by the government (5.5 percent by 2015) and the reality (a small number of graduate entrepreneurs). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors influencing a graduate’s choice to be entrepreneur, particularly the effects of different entrepreneur education, either formal or informal. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 2,300 graduates from Universiti Utara Malaysia participated in this study. Findings – The findings showed that the majority of the respondents are consistent in terms of their intent to become entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications – Due to time and resource constraints, the data are limited to only one university in Malaysia. It is suggested that future studies include more universities, especially entrepreneurial universities. Although it is believe that public universities’ undergraduates population are highly homogeneous, it is good that the findings of the present study to be further validated by future studies using larger sample that consists of varies of public universities. Practical implications – This paper supports government policies in terms of cultivating educated entrepreneur such as promoting the entrepreneurship education among higher institutions of education (MoE, 2007). However, there are negative relationships among higher academic achievement of graduates toward their intention to be entrepreneurs. It is indicated that high academic achievements are negatively related to becoming entrepreneurs. Thus, it is suggested that entrepreneurship education in terms of both formal and informal education be implemented into the curriculum in order to cultivate entrepreneurial intentions. Originality/value – There is still much more to be learned to fully understand the processes that leading to the decision to become an entrepreneur. Nevertheless, the results presented in this paper provide some understanding of the factors influencing the decision to become an entrepreneur among university students and graduates using a convenience sample. Thus, the results are exploratory and subjected to validation by future studies using more representative samples. Nevertheless, the study makes a contribution to the effort to predict and develop entrepreneurs in the country.

Entrepreneurship has been proven in various researches in the world to help improve the welfare of society by creating jobs. Many universities in the world have adopted entrepreneurship in their curriculum designs in the form of entrepreneurship education. Besides, the technology fit task variable is also important in increasing student entrepreneurship intention. Therefore, research on entrepreneurship intention (EI) and the factors that influence it among students is very relevant. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap in the effect of task technology fit (TTF) and entrepreneurship education (EE) on entrepreneurship intention (EI) by using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. The research sample was 213 undergraduate students at one of the private universities in Yogyakarta selected by the Slovin method. Data were collected through a questionnaire shared with the student by MS Form. Regression analysis tools were used to test the research hypothesis. These results prove that H1, H3a, and H3b have a positive effect on EI with different levels of significance. Meanwhile, H2 has a negative influence on EI. This study has contributed to filling the knowledge gap that TTF and EE can be integrated into the TPB model.

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One of the benefits that education reaps from Virtual Reality (VR) is the ability to visualize, simulate and interact with virtual objects. This ability allows the students to have the trial and error session before actually practicing it on real things. Here comes to the point where the idea of having virtual robot in assisting students learning emerged. Instead of studying the physical robot in class, students can study the virtual robot on computer at home prior to class or even in the class itself. Students can immerse themselves in this digitized world; experience the sense of moving and becoming part of the robot system. This paper presents the methodology for the whole-robot 3D graphics design, integration between the object modeling to VR and the construction of real-time behavior and interactivity modification to accommodate changes in the virtual environment.

The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship between the choice of entrepreneurship as a career and communication apprehension. This study poses a question: Will a graduate who could not become employed due to his/her lack of communication skills choose to become an entrepreneur? Researchers agree that one of the main skill to become an entrepreneur is communication skills. A survey is conducted among 2300 graduates from Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). The choice to become an entrepreneur refers to graduates who are self-employed. In addition to being selfemployed (entrepreneur), there are other employment states such as unemployed, employed fulltime and not full-time employed. In this context, the choice set could be expanded to more than two categories: self-employed (entrepreneur), unemployed, employed full-time, and not full-time employed. The findings will help to identify the existence in relationship between the choice of entrepreneurship as a career and communication apprehension.

The entrepreneurial element has now emerged as one of the important pillars in designing appropriate attributes and structures of the academic curriculum covering varied disciplines in all fields of studies in Malaysia’s higher education institutions. This study was conducted in Perlis’s Islamic University College (KUIPs) campus aimed at understanding these attributes and the entrepreneurship cultural awareness of students’ in initiating and identifying appropriate entrepreneurial activities before completing their studies. The study was qualitative in nature involving a group of 20 students randomly chosen from four (4) faculties in KUIPs. Students were interviewed using instant message routes because of the restrictions imposed by authorities in addressing concerns a rising from the COVID 19 pandemic, where face-to-face interviews were disallowed due to health and security factors. The objectives of this study were 1) What are the factors that encourage students to become entrepreneurs on campus? and 2) What are the constraints facing students in becoming entrepreneurs on campus? The results of the study found that there were 3 main factors attributing to students’ keen interest to venture into entrepreneurial activities in KUIPs, namely a) keen interest to initiate own business and aspiring to be an entrepreneur after graduation, b) meeting students’ basic needs (social entrepreneurship), and c) able to earn extra income to defray living and study expenses. There were 3 constraints discovered in becoming entrepreneurs, namely a) Capital, b) Suitable Location, and c) Business Skills to start entrepreneurial activities (entrepreneurial knowledge/skills). The results of this study are most beneficial to those involved in the management of entrepreneurial affairs of students, students themselves, and lastly for the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences in KUIPs (in understanding the current attributes and constraints), there by enabling the faculty to design appropriate entrepreneurship programs and activities in order to nurture and create entrepreneurship cultural awareness for future students.

Entrepreneurship has been recognized as a catalyst for the economic growth of a nation and is becoming an important field in Malaysia. Graduates' involvement in entrepreneurial activities is encouraged and the Malaysian government has invested millions of Ringgit in support of this agenda to increase the intention of students to be entrepreneur. However, the statistics showed that, as of 2013, only 1.7 percent of graduates were self-employed, compared to the 5 percent aspired by the government. It is therefore imperative to study the relationship between the intention and actual choice to be graduate entrepreneur. Data analysis using logistics model were carried out with a sample of 2,300 graduates (including those pursuing entrepreneur degrees). Results indicate a significant positive relationship between the graduates' intention to become entrepreneurs and their actual choice of being entrepreneurs. However, some of the intentions are not translated into actual choice. In choosing to become an entrepreneur, having the intention alone may not be enough but it is an important prerequisite. The graduate's actual choice to be entrepreneur is triggered by intention. Although there is a probability for intention to not being translated into actual choice, entrepreneurial intention is required to ensure the actual choice of becoming an entrepreneur. In other words, in choosing to become an entrepreneur, having the intention alone may not be enough but it is definitely an important prerequisite.

The competition between businesses allusively opens up opportunities for entrepreneurs to continually find ways to enhance their product strategy in marketing and quality through innovation. However, for some students, venturing in entrepreneurship can help them receive extra income. Students nowadays are very keen to get involved in entrepreneurship while still studying. Simultaneously, some of them have been exposed to entrepreneurship since childhood. As the number of female students exceeds male students in higher education institutions, the purpose of this study is to determine the readiness of female students in entrepreneurship and time management effectiveness between learning and business. A cross-sectional survey was employed in this study, and data were collected from 386 female students in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions (response rate = 96.5%). Using Regression Analysis, ANOVA and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the study found that family support, business education, and entrepreneurship skills influence female students' readiness to become entrepreneurs. Besides, only 10.8 per cent of students have effectiveness in time management. To produce a successful female student as an entrepreneur, the government needs to provide motivation and psychological training to manage their time effectively. The balance between business and learning for these students is crucial and needs to emphasize by many parties. This is essential if Malaysia wants to produce highly educated female entrepreneurs.