This study analyzed the cyber warfare impact on national security and focusing on Malaysia experiences. The issues regarding cyber warfare have become a serious concern since it was a risk of national security in Malaysia. The objectives of the study are to analyze issues related to cyber warfare that affected Malaysian system security, to determine causes that caused to cyber warfare. This study used a qualitative research approach to evaluate the current defense approaches related to cyber warfare in Malaysia. The interviews were conducted with the respective respondents: the Senior Manager, Research Management Centre, Strategic Research, and Advisory Department of Cyber Security Malaysia Department. This study can contribute to expanding the security of national security by demanding the government to adopt a broad acquisition risk management strategy. It can assist in the development of highly effective aggressive and defensive methods to any company dealing with future cyber warfare challenges and risk.
Objective - The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the issues that prevent women from socially participating in NGOs. Methodology/Technique – Qualitative research using in-depth interviews was used to collect relevant data. The findings were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach and discussed within the theoretical framework of social participation. In response to the nature of women’s social participation in Sarawak, the researchers highlighted long, critical answers and discussions by 36 selected participants from various NGOs in Sarawak. Finding –There were four difficulties for Sarawak women’s social participation in NGOs identified in this study. The factors were practical deterrents, a psychological barrier, discrimination and prejudice, and lack of resources. The impeding factors which were grouped in these four categories comprised 16 factors. This study hoped to help the stakeholders develop different strategies for assisting women to be more aware and active in a civil-based society. Novelty –The study highlighted the complex factors of Sarawak women’s social participation in NGOs. These factors show different perspectives on the subject investigation in Sarawak, Malaysia. Furthermore, the adapted qualitative method conducted in this paper is further discussed regarding the complex factors of Sarawak women’s social participation in NGOs. There are many studies conducted exploring political participation. However, studies on social participation that focused on NGOs that are not politically based are very low. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: D71, D73, Z19. Keywords: Non-governmental organizations; Social Participation; complexities; Sarawak’s Women. Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Mahmud, N.B.M; Isnin, N.I; Junaidi, N.H.B; Mahrif, N.B. (2022). Understanding the Complexities of Sarawak Women’s Social Participation in Non-Governmental Organizations, GATR-Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 10(3), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2022.10.3(1)
This study is to understand the factors hindering women's social participation in NGOs. This qualitative study invited the participants to describe what factors inhibited women's involvement in NGOs. In particular response to the nature of women's social participation in Sarawak, the researchers highlighted long and critical answers and discussions as put forth by 36 selected participants from various NGOs in Sarawak, Malaysia. It is important to emphasize on their discussions as it provided the understanding of the barrier towards women's social participation in NGOs. There were four categories of obstacles being identified in this study. The factors namely practical deterrent, psychological barrier, discrimination and prejudice, and lack of resources. The inhibiting factors which were grouped in these four categories comprised of 16 factors. It is hoped that this study will help the stakeholders to come out with different strategies in assisting women to be more aware and active in civil based society. Keywords: NGOs, Social Participation, inhibiting
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