Cyber Warfare Impact to National Security - Malaysia Experiences

Ibrahim, Azian; Mahmud, Noorfadhleen; Isnin, Nadrawina; Dillah, Dina Hazelbella; Dillah, Dayang Nurfauziah Fauz

doi:10.18502/kss.v3i22.5052

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…[21]. Besides that, Malaysia also establish the National Cyber Security Policy (NCSP) to strengthen the resiliency of the Critical National Information Infrastructure (CNII) in the country [22].…”

Section: Cybercrime Law and Policies In The Neighboring Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electronic and Transactions Law (EIT Law) as the First Cybercrime Law in Indonesia: An Introduction and Its Implementation

2023

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The cybercrime cases across the country are remaining high. It caused the government decided to create the cybercrime law, including the Indonesian government. The first cybercrime law that created by Indonesian government is the Electronic and Transactions Law (EIT Law) of 2008, and revised in 2016. This paper then provides more comprehensive explanation regarding EIT Law, starting from its creation, substances, enforcement, and even its strengths and weaknesses. By using literature review method, the authors have been conducted research from the previous studies on related topic. Before entering the main discussions, this paper also explains the cybercrime law and policy in Indonesia’s neighboring countries. After that, EIT Law is explained comprehensively. The result shows that background of the creation of EIT Law is the technology and the Internet development that can threaten the Indonesia’s national interests. This law then categorize the types of cybercrime that prohibited in Indonesia. The jurisdiction, the investigation process, and the punishment to cyber criminals also regulated in that law. Furthermore, this paper also explains the strengths and weaknesses of EIT Law. The strengths of EIT Law can be seen in the complexity of the articles that contain within it. Nevertheless, the implementation of this law is still not effective. This is because there are several issues that have to corrected, such as the ambiguity of article contents, lack of cybercrime awareness among the law enforcement officers, difficulties to provide electronic devices, and lack of cyber facilities or infrastructure. Keywords: Cybercrime, Cyberspace, EIT Law, National interest, Technology and internet development

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Section: Cybercrime Law and Policies In The Neighboring Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electronic and Transactions Law (EIT Law) as the First Cybercrime Law in Indonesia: An Introduction and Its Implementation

2023

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“…It also means taking a more proactive approach to cyber defense, such as by establishing cybersecurity standards for critical infrastructure systems and engaging in international cooperation to prevent cyber attacks. By taking these steps, it may be possible to prevent or mitigate the impact of future cyber attacks on national security (Ibrahim et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Role Of the Military In Cyber Defense And Offensementioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

FHI

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The European Union has reacted to the war on its eastern border with remarkable unity, resolve, and speed. However, the invasion of Ukraine is a watershed moment. Regardless of how long the war lasts, its legacy will be long-lasting. It will shape Europe's policy choices in the coming years and decades. This article attempts to provide a preliminary assessment of the economic policy implications of the invasion and actions made since February 24, when Russian forces entered Ukraine. The major immediate concerns to the European economy include supply shocks caused by rising oil and gas prices, Europe's reliance on Russian energy, and the impact of geopolitical uncertainties on consumer confidence and investor mood. Europe must also welcome millions of war refugees and give them with emergency aid. Longer term, they confront a total rethinking of the EU policy structure, affecting budgetary priorities, macroeconomic policy principles, market regulation, and the allocation of responsibility between the EU and its member states. Many more pathways are ignored for the purposes of this article, ranging from the confidence shock to the rippling effects on agricultural supplies and commodity markets.

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“…They find that cybercrime and other illicit use of information and communications technology (ICT) can seriously infringe the wellbeing of individuals, organizations, and society. Ibrahim et al (2019) find that cyber-attacks have many impacts on national security, even putting the political, economic, and social welfare of the state in jeopardy, so a cyber warfare challenge on a national level, is rapidly detecting relevant threats as the scale of potential damages can be substantial if e.g. critical services are attacked.…”

Section: Detection Of Cyber-crime and Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal Impacts of Cyber Security in Academic Literature – Systematic Literature Review

Hytönen

Trent

Ruoslahti

2022

eccws

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The 2020 Allianz Risk Barometer, with 39% of responses, ranked cyber incidents as the number one risk threatening business continuity. Any organisation may face a number of challenges e.g. costly data breaches, ransomware incidents, and even litigation after an event. The Internet has, in many ways, changed society, transformed businesses, organisational communication and learning. People can now interact through social networking platforms. Modern society has become very technology driven, as ICT is now an integral component in peoples’ lives. However, besides the many benefits that the Internet and other ICT technology bring, there are also threats, such as cyber-attacks looking to exploit vulnerabilities in ICT applications and systems. This study is a systematic literature review that explores how societal impacts of cyber security in modern society are discussed in academic literature. The Introduction discusses the overall importance of cyber security in today’s society. The body of this paper presents the method in which the literature review was conducted, and a concise summary of the findings that answer the research question: How are societal impacts of cyber security discussed in academic literature? Six categories of investigation of societal impacts of cyber security are identified: 1) Impacts on Social and Societal Levels, 2) Detection of cyber-crime and incidents, 3) Critical infrastructures and services, 4) Impacts of incidents and individual technology, 5) Cybersecurity awareness, and 6) Cybersecurity and collaboration. Lastly, the conclusions, based on the research findings, address the feasibility, impact, strengths, weaknesses and possible ethical concerns of cybersecurity. This paper contributes to the overall understanding of current societal impacts of cyber security, and this understanding benefits the development of methods that assess societal impacts, as well as provides focus for future training and development of cyber and e-skills needed for better awareness of cyber threats, and to better address possible cyber incidents.

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Cyber Warfare Impact to National Security - Malaysia Experiences

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

The Electronic and Transactions Law (EIT Law) as the First Cybercrime Law in Indonesia: An Introduction and Its Implementation

The Electronic and Transactions Law (EIT Law) as the First Cybercrime Law in Indonesia: An Introduction and Its Implementation

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Societal Impacts of Cyber Security in Academic Literature – Systematic Literature Review

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