The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 created panic all over the world. The mathematical principle in developing forecasting models aims to predict the number of future infections is considered crucial at this stage. The present investigation aims to analyze the time series using the Box-Jenkins method (Diagnostic, The Estimate, and selection, Forecasting) to find the best ARIMA model (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) for predicting the numbers of people infected with Covid-19 disease in Iraq. The data used were collected in the period between 1 -March and 31-July. The results showed that the appropriate forecasting model is ARIMA (2,1,5). Depending on this model, they predict the numbers of those infected with COVID-19 daily and for thirty days. Predictive values are consistent with original series values, indicating the efficiency of the model.
The aim: This study aimed to develop mouth-dissolving tablets of Acrivastine, an antihistamine medication, in order to increase its oral bioavailability. Materials and methods: Different super disintegrants, such as crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate, were used to make Acrivastine oral dispersible tablets (ODTs). These super disintegrants were utilized in various concentrations. The formulation (F3) with 6% w/w crospovidone had a fast disintegration time (less than 30 seconds) and practically total drug release within 10 minutes. All of the formulations were made using the direct compression method and proper diluents, binders, and lubricants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were used to investigate the drug-ex¬cipient interaction, and all formulations demonstrated improved drug-excipient compatibility. Results: The average weight of all formulations was between 175 and 180 mg. All formulations’ hardness and friability were within acceptable ranges. Direct compression tablets had a hardness of 3.2 to 4 kg/cm2. All formulations were determined to have a friability of less than 1.0%. For oral dissolving tablets, the in vitro disintegration time is critical, and this time preferred to be < 60 seconds. The results also showed that crospovidone disintegrated after 24 seconds and sodium starch glycolate disintegrated in 40 seconds in vitro. Conclusions: When compared to croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone performs better as a super disintegrant. In comparison to other formula, tablets breakdown in the mouth in 30 seconds and have a maximum in vitro drug release time in 1-3 minutes.
This research was devoted to a test of the relationship between knowledge about the disease COVID -19 and the personal preventive measures by Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire distributed in Basra governorate and the number of participants was 1000 individuals. Cronbach Alpha coefficient to ensure the reliability of the was calculated and its value (0.735) indicates the reliability of the research tools. The demographic data and responses of the participants were statistically described and the null hypothesis was tested (there is no effect of knowledge about COVID-19 on people’s commitment with preventive protocol) using the spss program. The Pearson correlation coefficient was found to be 0.6 indicating positive correlation between the test variables. Regression analysis showed that the dependent variable ( Yi3 : Avoid touching the face, nose and eye with unclean hands or after touching surfaces and objects. ) is the most affected one in the personal prevention factors by the variables listed in the disease knowledge factor.
Background: antibiotic abuse and resistance is worrisome issues worldwide especially in Iraq due to irrational use and self-medication use. This study aimed to assess the degree of Knowledge and practices of populations in Basra, southern of Iraq about their proper use of antibiotics. Method: community based cross-sectional study. Well-designed questionnaire was electronically distributed via social media. The data collected from April 2020 to May 2020 and analyzed statistically by using SPSS program. Results: About 1075 participants responded to the questionnaire. About 70.28 % of participants, who use antibiotic in last two months before the study, took them directly from the pharmacies without prescriptions. Only half of the participants (51.53 %) depend on healthcare professionals as information sources regarding antibiotics use. The Majority of responders have appropriate knowledge relating to identifications of antibiotic among other types of medication. However, only 44.8 % identified the target organism that antibiotics used. Similarly, a very large percentage of participants (68 %) have the wrong idea about the effectiveness of antibiotics by thinking that injectable antibiotics are more effective than oral. On the other hand, high knowledge is regarding side effects of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Despite the apparently good knowledge, there was a generally wrong practice. Most participants are using antibiotics once they feel with flu and common cold symptoms 42.3 % stop the antibiotic once they feel better. Regarding antibiotic resistance, there was a general understanding of the role they would play to decrease these problems and were ready to participate effectively (69.2 %). Finally, the correlation was found to be positive and its value was equal to 0.425. This indicates that knowledge accounts for 42.5% of participants practice regarding antibiotics Conclusion: there is generally appropriate knowledge about antibiotic, however there is widespread wrong practices in antibiotic administration and uses. Therefore, immediate attention is required from health care organization in Iraq to prevent antibiotic administration without prescription also there is a need for more awareness campaigns to reduce antibiotic misuse and antibiotic resistance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.