In this study, we observe the effect of Cu doping on the ZnO nanorod (NR) structure grown on a polyethylene terephthalate flexible substrates by hydrothermal growth of sol–gel method proceeded at 150 °C. Copper (II) nitrate trihydrate (Cu-nitrate) and copper (II) acetate monohydrate (Cu-acetate) are employed as precursors for Cu dopants in aqueous growth solution to examine the evolutionary change of the growth morphology, optical characteristics, and chemical composition of as-grown ZnO NRs. A significant influence of dopant molarity on the morphology of wurtzite ZnO nanocrystals is observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis also reveals more enhanced crystalline quality from Cu-doped NR crystals prepared by Cu-acetates than that grown with Cu-nitrate precursor. Near band-edge emission of 2 mM Cu-acetate doped NRs is greatly enhanced by 2.5 times compared to those grown with Cu-nitrate precursors. A great reduction in visible emissions is also realized, and this phenomenon is associated with overall improvement in NR crystalline quality by suppressing the oxygenated carbon groups or hydroxyl introduced by the aqueous solution-based growth. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also shows that a very high O/Zn atomic ratio of 0.73 can be achieved in the case of NR crystals prepared by 2 mM Cu-acetate. Cu doped ZnO nanostructures of improved optical and structural properties achieved in this study can be utilized in the wide emerging field of flexible device applications such as laser diodes, light-emitting diodes, piezoelectric transducers and generators, gas sensors, and ultraviolet detectors.
In various micronutrient-deficient countries, wheat is used as staple food, comprise more than 50% of the diet. Like many staple foods, wheat contains low concentration of iron (Fe). About two billion people globally have iron deficiency, especially in the regions where staple foods are based on cereal crops such as wheat. Because of high rate of Fe deficiency cases, increased Fe intake through staple food has become the main focused research area globally. As wheat is main source of protein and dietary energy for human beings, its potential to support reducing malnutrition related to Fe can be increased through producing genetically modified wheat varieties with high concentration of Fe. High Fe concentration in cereal crop is a major challenge. Even though during wheat is commonly fortify, promising and more long term solution is biofortification of wheat, which bases on the production of new wheat varieties with characteristically higher concentration of iron. Till now, may researches, which focused on increasing Fe in wheat, aimed at producing natural varieties in progenitor or related species. This review focused on the promising and sustainable approaching to maintain the improve concentration of iron in wheat.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare postoperative outcome with diclofenac rectal suppositories versus intramuscular diclofenac in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Settings: General surgery Department, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College Sialkot & Allied Hospital Faisalabad Pakistan. Duration: 2 year from May 2017 to April 2019. Methodology: After informed consent, 200 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into two groups. Group-A got diclofenac sodium rectal suppository at time of induction of anesthesia and Group-B were given IM Diclofenac for postoperative pain relief. Assessment of pain was done using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) by an observer which will be graded ruler ranging from 0-10 showing the minimal and maximum pain score respectively. The score was assessed post operatively at recovery time 6, 12 and 24 hours. Activity score was checked at 8, 12 & 24 hours postoperatively. Data was collected for pain & mobility through specially designed Performa. Results: Demographic characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics of the patients were similar between groups. Postoperative VAS were lower at all-time points in Group -A. Mean VAS was 6.41(SD 0.89), 4.03 (SD 0.92), 2.16 (SD 0.84) in group A as compared to 7.78 (SD 0.83), 5.86 (SD 0.92), 4.4 (SD 1.33) in group B after 6hr, 12 hr. & 24 hr. respectively. Mean activity score was 3.28 (SD 0.61), 1.8(SD 0.79), 1.1(SD 0.36) in group A and 4.35 (SD 0.63), 3.31 (SD 0.83), 2.85 (SD) in group B after 8 hr., 12 hr. and 24 hr. respectively. Conclusion: In patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, application of diclofenac sodium rectal suppository at time of induction of anesthesia is more effective than IM diclofenac sodium and can be preferred in postoperative pain treatment.
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