This study were conducted in Al-Diwaniya province, in south Iraq during the period from February to July 2019 to determine the rate of infection of Cryptosporidium parvum in domestic chicken, study the effect of some epidemiological factors such as sex and months on the rate of infection, addition to the molecular identification of Cryptococcus parvum by amplification HSP70 gene by conventional PCR. Number of collected fecal sample was 210 from domestic chicken and stained by Ziehl-Neelsen stain. The results of the microscopic examination showed that 108(51.4%) out of 210 fecal samples were infected with Cryptosporidium spp. The statistical analysis founded no marked difference in prevalence of infection between sexes. Significant difference was recorded between infection rate during the months of the study and higher prevalence of infection rate was observed in March 11.9%, while lowest infection rate was observed in July 5.23%. and June 5.23%. Genomic DNA was extracted from 108 fecal samples and HSP70 gene for C. parvum was amplified by PCR. PCR technique is showed that out of 108 fecal samples 21.3% were positive for Cryptosporidium parvum.

Toxocara (T.) canis is a nematode parasite of canines; belong to the Ascarididae family, which accidentally infected humans. Puppies expel the eggs with the feces from the fourth week of the life cycle. This study is the first study in Iraq for detection seroprevalence in stray dogs and extended from January to September 2017. Our study was aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. canis infection in stray dogs from different areas in the Al-Diwaniya province, Iraq to detection of specific IgG antibodies to T. canis compared to Conventional PCR technique with the effect of the risk factor. One hundred of the blood sample and one hundred of a faecal sample of same dogs after shooting were studied using indirect ELISA test and PCR. The result revealed that 71% of the dogs had a seropositive result for this parasite by ELISA test. Dog age is an important factor and affects seroprevalence, were shown that positive rate in adult dogs was more 83.05% than the young dogs 53.65%, while no significant between dogs according to sex. PCR technique showed 58% of dogs were positive for internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) ribosomal RNA. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test was 79 and 40% respectively.

to diagnose the visceral leishmaniasis molecular technique (Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction). Experimental study include fourth Wistar female rats (weighted 250 ± 2 g.) were injected by blood from infected patient in the peritoneal cavity, after 8-10 days of experimental infection , blood samples had been collected directly from the heart in order to diagnose the infection by using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Quantitative Real Time PCR qPCR technique was used for amplification of conserved region in GAPDH gene that was used for detection of Leishmania donovani in blood samples of rats. It show the Amplification of genomic DNA template concentrations of Leishmania donovani during reaction with syber dye inside the apparatus under threshold cycle, also shows the melt peak of Leishmania donovani genomic DNA template concentrations is demonstrate the specialization of Leishmania donovani genomic DNA amplification in single peak for all samples.

The aim of this study which conducted in Al-Diwaniyah province during the period from October (2021) to April (2022) was to determine the prevalence of Eimeria infection in goat and study the effect of some epidemiological factor such as sex ,age and months on the infection rates addition to that and molecular identification of Eimeria. Two hundred and ten fecal sample were collected, from goat in four different regions in Al-Diwaniyah province included (Al-Shamiya, Al-Sunyih, Ghamas and Al-Mohanawih) at one visit per a week for each regions. The results of microscopic examination showed that  169(80.48%) of goat were infected.  According to morphological study, eight Eimeria species were recorded which include E. arloingi, E. alijevi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni, E. jolchijevi, E. hirci, E. caprovina and E. caprina. The results showed that,  Eimeria arloingi were recorded at highest rate (22.86%), while  E. caprina was observed at lowest rate (3.33%). Significant (P<0.01) differences was found between prevalence of infections according to Eimeria species. Out of 120 fecal sample were collected from goat female and 90 fecal samples were collected from male which examined as Eimeria species, the results showed that, 99(82.5%) females  and 70(77.78%) males were confirmed to be infected.

The aim of this study which conducted in Al-Diwaniyah province during the period from October (2021) to April (2022) was to determine the prevalence of Eimeria infection in goat and study the effect of some epidemiological factor such as sex ,age and months on the infection rates addition to that and molecular identification of Eimeria. Two hundred and ten fecal sample were collected, from goat in four different regions in Al-Diwaniyah province included (Al-Shamiya, Al-Sunyih, Ghamas and Al-Mohanawih) at one visit per a week for each regions. The results of microscopic examination showed that 169(80.48%) of goat were infected.  According to morphological study, eight Eimeria species were recorded which include E. arloingi, E. alijevi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni, E. jolchijevi, E. hirci, E. caprovina and E. caprina. The results showed that, Eimeria arloingi were recorded at highest rate (22.86%), while E. caprina was observed at lowest rate (3.33%). Significant (P<0.01) differences was found between prevalence of infections according to Eimeria species. Out of 120 fecal sample were collected from goat female and 90 fecal samples were collected from male which examined as Eimeria species, the results showed that, 99(82.5%) females  and 70(77.78%) males were confirmed to be infected.