The basic explorations of structure property correlations and the variety of commercial and biological applications all attest to the fact that amphiphilic is highly useful. In this work, the monomer phenyl acrylamide was synthesized by reacting acrylamide with chloro benzene in the presence of pyridine. Two series of Poly (phenyl acrylamide-co-methyl methacrylate) (poly(PAAm-co-MMA)) hydrogels have been prepared, series 1 composed of PAAm/MMA copolymers covering a range of composition (60-90% PAAm) while series 2 composed of 90PAAm/10MMA copolymer containing 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt% of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) as crosslinker. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to characterize the resulting monomer and polymers. The effects of the monomer ratio and added crosslinker on the swelling behavior and mechanical properties of poly (PAAm-co-MMA) hydrogels were investigated. Swelling parameters such as volume fraction of polymer (φ2), weight loss during swelling were determined. Depending on shear and Young's modulus (G and E), network parameters such as polymer-solvent interaction (χ), cross-link density (ve), and molecular mass between cross-links (Mc) were calculated. The ability of series 1 hydrogels for use in controlled release of drugs such as ciprofloxacin was also studied. Results revealed that during the first 10 hours, most of the drug load is released.
Introduction: Nephrotoxicity is one of the most frequent kidney problems and happens when the body becomes exposed to medicine or toxin. Because renal tubular cells have metabolic activities, nephrotoxin can produce toxic components and cause damage. Paracetamol drug is safe when taken in therapeutic doses as an antipyretic and analgesic agent but its excessive doses may result in life-threatening renal impairment due to the generation of reactive-toxic metabolites. Scientific efforts are concentrated on discovering preventative or therapeutic medications to shield against the toxicity brought on by paracetamol due to nephrotoxicity. Silymarin, a medicine, is extracted from polyphenolic compounds found in the milk thistle plant. This plant has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-cancerous, and other properties and is the most commonly used drug for hepatic illnesses. Also, it has renal-protecting effects. Objective: This review research highlights the nephroprotective of silymarin against paracetamol-induced renal damage.
This study aims at analysing Churchill's The Hospital at the Time of the Revolution. It explores Child Abuse and the reasons behind family abuse to their children. Furthermore, the study investigates the issues that incited child abuse. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher makes use of "Urie Bronfenbrenner in the Bioecological Model of Human Development theory". The present study is significant because it is concerned with everyday activities due to which children are subjected to parental abuse, in other words, the emotionally painful events that cause psychological, physical, and sexual disturbances in children. The current study builds a clear image of child abuse in Caryl Churchill's selected play.
Background: Breast cancer is the second cause of cancer death in women. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an ultrasound (US) procedure that can improves the sensitivity and the specificity in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Objectives: To evaluate the value of SWE to discriminate benign from malignant Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) IV breast lesions.
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