Information about the snake diversity and their natural history from the Atlantic forest domain in Brazil refer mostly to inland forests than to coastal region. Within the state of Bahia, this knowledge is concentrated to the southeastern coastal stretch. Herein we report on the diversity of snakes from the restinga, ombrophilous forest and anthropogenic environment from the northern Atlantic coast of Bahia. We sampled nine sites for three years and visited four museum collections. Furthermore, we provide anecdotal natural history information, voucher analyses, literature complements, and a key to fascilitate species identification. We report a total of 774 snakes belonging to 50 species and 23 new distribution records for northeastern coast of Bahia, supplemented by new data on feeding and reproduction. The number of detected species is similar to numbers obtained in comparable studies from other Brazilian ecoregions. This study reports and focuses for the first time on all known species of snakes from the northeastern coast of Bahia.
This study presents the diversity of lizard species at the Imbassaí Preserve, located in the Mata de São João municipality, on the northern coast of Bahia region, Brazil, with special attention to the threatened and endemic species. We present the main results on richness and abundance, from a long term monitoring program and especially from the period between November 2008 and June 2010. We applied the visual search method associated with pitfall traps and random encounters, on a 200m linear transect, in four different vegetation habitats. We detected 26 lizard species, distributed in 19 genera of 10 families. The study reveals a high diversity area for lizards, within the restinga ecosystem along the northern coast line, and therefore contributes to the knowledge of the herpetofauna on the northern coast of the Bahia region, as well as to future management and monitoring programs.
Abstract:Restinga is a coastal ecosystem covering almost the entire Brazilian coast line and it is associated with the Atlantic Forest biome and therefore is a complementary component of the landscape. Its vegetation is highly variable and specialized, being influenced by salt, and with low fertility and moist soil. This environmental landscape promotes the colonization of species from contiguous biomes and ecosystems, thereby promoting high diversity, especially on the northern coast of Bahia. The study was conducted at the Reserva Imbassaí, in the municipality of Mata de São João, northern coast of Bahia, Brazil. We conducted six surveys distributed over one year, with samples every two months; we used the sampling techniques of active visual search, random encounters and pitfall traps along a linear transect. Fourty-nine snakes from 15 species distributed among five families were recorded: Boidae (2), Colubridae (3), Dipsadidae (6), Elapidae (1) and Viperidae (3). Ten of the species of snakes found at Reserva Imbassaí complement the literature overall snakes' list from the north coast of Bahia's restinga. The results show that Reserva Imbassaí is uniquely rich in snakes and therefore represents an important contribution to the knowledge of this taxon within the Atlantic forest hotspot.Keywords: Atlantic forest, boids, colubrids, dipsadids, elapids, northeastern Brazil, squamata, viperids. 2184Portuguese Abstract: A restinga é um ecossistema costeiro, cobrindo grande parte da costa brasileira e é associado ao bioma da Mata Atlântica, agindo como componente complementar da paisagem. Sua vegetação é bastante variada e especializada, influenciada pela salinidade marinha e pela baixa fertilidade e umidade do solo. Estes componentes da paisagem contribuem para a colonização de espécies de outros biomas e ecossistemas próximos, tornando-o assim bastante diverso, principalmente no litoral norte da Bahia. Este estudo foi realizado na Reserva Imbassaí, localizado no município de Mata de São João, litoral norte da Bahia, Brasil. Realizamos seis coletas durante um ano a cada dois meses; utilizamos a procura visual ativa, armadilhas de interceptação e queda e encontros ocasionais em um transecto linear. Foram registradas 49 serpentes de 15 espécies das cinco famílias: Boidae (2), Colubridae (3), Dipsadidae (6), Elapidae (1) e Viperidae (3). Dez destas espécies de serpentes encontradas na Reserva Imbassaí complementam a lista de espécies deste grupo para a restinga do litoral norte da Bahia. Os resultados evidenciam que a Reserva Imbassaí possui uma riqueza única de serpentes e representa uma importante contribuição para o conhecimento deste táxon no hotspot da Mata Atlântica.
The marine ecosystems of Todos os Santos Bay (TSB, The State of Bahia, Brazil) have been impacted by the presence on its coast of a large metropolitan area as well as of chemical and petrochemical activities. Despite its ecological importance, there is a lack of scientific information concerning metal contamination in TSB marine biota. Thus, we analyzed concentrations of metals in four species of marine benthic organisms (two seaweeds, Padina gymnospora and Sargassum sp. one seagrass, Halodule wrightii and one oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae) in three sites from the TSB region that have been most affected by industrial activities. The concentrations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophometry. The obtained data indicates that cadmium and copper in seaweeds, oysters and seagrass, as well as Ni concentrations in oysters, were in range of contaminated coastal areas. Cadmium and copper are available to organisms through suspended particles, dissolved fraction of water column and bottom sediment interstitial water. As oysters and other mollusks are used as food sources by the local population, the metal levels found in oysters in TSB may constitute a health risk for this population. Our results suggest implanting a heavy metals biomonitoring program in the TSB marine ecosystems.Keywords: seaweed, seagrass, oyster, bioaccumulation, Todos os Santos Bay. Metais pesados em organismos bentônicos da Baía de Todos os Santos, Brasil ResumoA Baía de Todos os Santos (TSB, Estado da Bahia, Brasil), vem sendo impactada pela presença, em seu entorno, de uma extensa área metropolitana e por atividades químicas e petroquímicas. Apesar de sua importância ecológica, existe pouca informação sobre a contaminação da biota marinha da TSB por metais pesados. Neste contexto, foram analisadas as concentrações de metais em quatro espécies de organismos bentônicos: duas algas, Padina gymnospora e Sargassum sp.; uma grama marinha, Halodule wrightii; e uma ostra, Crassostrea rhizophorae, em três locais das regiões da TSB mais afetadas pelas atividades industriais. As concentrações de Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn foram determinadas por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o cádmio e o cobre em algas, gramas marinhas e ostras, assim como o níquel em ostras estão, em concentrações de áreas contaminadas. Pelos resultados obtidos o cádmio e o cobre estão biodisponíveis a partir das partículas de sedimento em suspensão, fração dissolvida da coluna da água e da água intersticial do sedimento de fundo. Como ostras e outros moluscos são utilizados como fonte de alimento pelas populações locais, as concentrações de metais encontradas nas ostras da TSB podem constituir risco para as populações humanas locais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a necessidade de implementação de um programa de monitoramento das concentrações de metais pesados em organismos dos ecossistemas marinhos da TSB.Palavras-chave: macroalgas, gramas marinhas, ostras, bioacumulação, Ba...
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