Objectives: To determine the Awareness, Attitude and Practices related to Covid-19 in general public of twin cities of Pakistan.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted across the twin cities, Islamabad and Rawalpindi in the months of August and October 2021. An adaptive cross sectional study was conducted, utilizing self administered questionnaires, distributed amongst patients above 15 years old in multiple hospitals. Confi dentiality and voluntary participation was ensured in the collection of data throughout the study. Results: About 305 patients participated in this study, of which 185 (60.3%) were male and 122 (39.7%) were females. Results showed that majority of the 188 participants (61.2%) believe that Covid-19 spreads due to close contact with an infected person. 177 participants (57.7%) believe that it spreads by coughing, followed by 50 (16.3%) participants believing transmission is due to touching contaminated surfaces. Around 86.3% (265 participants) say that the symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough and diffi culty breathing. When asked about prevention; washing hands with soap and water, wearing masks, maintaining social distance, avoiding touching nose and eyes with hands and avoiding contact with infected people were the most chosen options by the participants. 229 participants (74.6%) claimed to have arranged for hand washing with soap inside or outside their houses and 133 participants (43.3%) had temporarily closed their homes for outside people. Conclusion: The general public are well-aware regarding the current COVID-19 pandemic, having basic knowledge of its modes of transmission, prevention and treatment of the disease.
Objective: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of dentists against Covid-19 in the dental hospitals. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted was from 1st July 2020 to 30 December 2020. An online questionnaire using Google Forms was designed to collect the data through WhatsApp groups of general and specialized dentists of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The inclusion criteria were dentists practicing in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Exclusion criteria included dentists practicing outside the vicinity of twin cities. Questionnaires were kept anonymous to maintain confidentiality of all information collected in the study. Results: A total of 250 dentists participated in this study out of whom 116 (46.4%) were male and the remaining 134 (53.6%) were Female. Majority of the participants i.e., 149 (59.6%) stated that their self-assessed COVID-19 knowledge score was 4 out of 5. 66(26.4%) participants believed their knowledge was 3 out of 5 while 35 (14%) believed their own self assessed knowledge was 5 out of 5. Most dentists 162 (64.8%) reported that only emergency patients are being treated, followed by 74 (29.6%) who reported that patient treatment frequency has been partially reduced at their workplace. Conclusion: Majority of the dentists have basic knowledge, and they showed a positive attitude regarding the global pandemic.
Objective: To assess the oral manifestations in the people of Islamabad and Rawalpindi affected with COVID-19. Materials and Methods:Study design and setting: It is descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted on 250 both male and females participants who had suffered from COVID-19 over the duration of 6 months in Islamic International Dental Hospital Islamabad. Participants were from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Questionnaire: Subjects participated in a web based questionnaire assessing the oral manifestations of COVID-19. These included facial pain, pain while eating(masticatory pain) , burning sensation in the oral cavity, dryness of mouth (xerostomia), loss of taste and oral mucosal lesions. Results: Out of 250, 105male and 145 females participate in this study. 40 % (n=100) participants experienced pain in the face region out of whom 40% (n=40) had pain in the head region. 46% participants reported to have pain on mastication out of which 47.8% had pain on messeter muscle. 46% participants had burning sensations in the oral cavity.60% participant’s experienced dry mouth. Moreover 70% participants experienced loss of taste sensations. Only 24% reported with oral mucosal lesions.6% participants developed blisters/ulcers out of which majority developed them on the tongue. Conclusion: This study concluded that oral manifestations are important for early detection of COVID-19 patients and majority of these patients showed loss of taste.
Objective: Comparison of the self-esteem between patients undergoing fixed orthodonticc treatment in the past 6 months or more, to those not receiving orthodontic treatment or the time passed since the commencement of their treatment has been less than six months. Materials and methods: The participants of this study were divided into two groups, group A and group B. The sample size of each group was 75 making the total 150 aged between 16 to 25 years. The malocclusion severity was assessed with the index of orthodontic treatment need aesthetic component (IOTN-AC) which was 6 or more for both groups. Group A involved patients currently receiving no orthodontic treatment or the time elapsed since the start of the treatment was less than 6 months. Group B on the other hand, comprised of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in the past 6 months or more. Questionnaires were administered among both group A and group B where self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-esteem (RSE) Scale. Independent Sample T test was applied on both of these variables. Results: The results did not show any statistically significant association between self-esteem and “the time elapsed since the start of the treatment”. Likewise, the additional factors i.e., Age, Education and Gender too had no impact on the Rosenberg score. Conclusion: No association was found between selfesteem of the patients undergoing fixed Orthodontic treatment, to those not receiving it
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