Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity requires usage of contact sensors with patients' body. Computational psychophysiology based on thermal imaging is suggested as an alternative. It is a non-invasive and non-contact method that can be used for medical applications such as stress detection, human psychology, geriatric medicine, autonomic nervous activity, medical diagnostics and psychophysiology. It is free from pain and radiations. Very few works are reported to identify stress states at individual level. This work presents a framework to detect stress based on heart rate variability (HRV). Methods were proposed for extracting thermal signatures such as cardiac pulse, breath rate, sudomotor response, and stress response from various regions. Psychophysiological disorders are categorized as bradycardia, tachycardia, stress, and no stress. The system enables monitoring of thermal features at four facial areas such as forehead, neck, periorbital, and nose. The proposed system is tested on bench mark datasets and proved with high confidence w.r.t existing works and ground truth values.
Advancements in the field of science and technology imparts the world to become smarter and scaling the hardware to a nano scale. This is being employed in the stream of applications regarding the design and fabrication of CMOS transistors per square centimetre. Several researches are on-going to reduce the CMOS technological applications to a smaller scale i.e., up to nano scale. In this drive this scaling is being made possible in this field with the evolution of quantum dots which has further lead to the concept of quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) from the knowledge of it. This paper presents the fundamental concepts regarding QCA which may also include basic cell and its types, majority gate, types and its usage, inverter and its type, clocking criteria. This paper proposes a design of octal to binary encoder with minimum possible crossovers consisting of nine (3 input) majority gates with 211 cells employing all the fundamental concepts discussed and its simulation results using related QCA designer tool.
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