Oligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. Some terms are used to define the absence of primary or permanent teeth, such as hypodontia or dental agenesis. This condition can occur as an isolated dental feature (non-syndromic) or concomitant with a general disorder (syndromic). The etiology is attributed to genetic (mutations in genes such as PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, MSX1) and environmental factors. The sequelae of oligodontia include missing teeth, prolonged retention of primary teeth, root resorption and ankylosis resulting in unstable occlusion. The space for rehabilitation depends on the pattern and severity of tooth absence. We present a female (8 years old) with no relevant medical history, with absence of second permanent molars, lower central incisors, class II division 1 malocclusion and delayed emergence of first permanent molars. Management of malocclusion and conservation of spaces was carried out after 6 months of observation. Early diagnosis by clinical and radiographic examination is essential to assess the number, position of present and absent teeth and the condition of the alveolar ridge during subsequent treatment planning with the multidisciplinary team.
Juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia is a benign lesion, first described by Darling and cols. in 2007, there are several etiopathogenic factors proposed. It is characterized by being in the anterior attached gingiva of the maxilla, clinically it is observed as macular or elevated, with a papillary, granular, or smooth surface, bright red in color, and its presentation can be localized or generalized. It is an asymptomatic entity and is not associated with biofilm-induced inflammation. We present two female patients (17 and 10 years old) with relevant and unprecedented medical history respectively, who presented multifocal lesions of bright red color, painless of velvety texture of soft consistency in the maxilla and jaw in which a conservative therapeutic setting and basic periodontal therapy, observation and controls were performed, did not show regression of the lesions after 6 months of observation. It is important for the dentist to recognize this entity and to make the different differential diagnoses, as these could be clinically very coincidental, to carry out an optimal treatment strategy.
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