While many theoretical arguments have been proposed to explain the decision whether to purchase long-term care (LTC) insurance, little work has been done to study this phenomenon empirically. This article uses cross-sectional data from the newly developed SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe) database to estimate the determinants of the probability of purchasing LTC insurance in France. We show that LTC insurance is purchased not only to preserve bequests and to financially protect families in the event of disability, but also to reduce the burden on potential informal care givers. Risk behaviours as well as experience of disability also play a significant role in explaining the demand for LTC insurance in France.
Fishing capacity management policies have been traditionally implemented at national level with national targets for capacity reduction. More recently, capacity management policies have increasingly targeted specific fisheries. French fisheries spatially vary along the French coastline and are associated to specific regions. Capacity management policies, however, ignore the capital mobility associated with second-hand vessel trade between regions. This is not an issue for national policies but could limit the effectiveness of regional capacity management policies. A gravity model and a random-effect Poisson regression model are used to analyze the determinants and spatial extent of the second-hand market in France. This study is based on panel data from the French Atlantic Ocean between 1992 and 2009. The trade flows between trading partners is found to increase with their sizes and to be spatially concentrated. Despite the low trade flows between regions, a net impact analysis shows that fishing capacity is redistributed by the second-hand market to regions on the Channel and Aquitaine from central regions. National capacity management policies (constructions/destructions) have induced a net decrease in regional fleet capacity with varying magnitude across regions. Unless there is a change of policy instruments or their scale of implementation, the operation of the second-hand market decreases the effectiveness of regional capacity management policies in regions on the Channel and Aquitaine.
Le développement accéléré des relations commerciales entre l’Europe de l’Ouest et l’Europe de l’Est a permis une très forte intégration entre ces deux blocs, si bien qu’il semble pertinent de se demander aujourd’hui si le processus de rattrapage n’est pas achevé. Cet article utilise un modèle de gravitation afin d’évaluer le commerce « théorique » entre l’UE-15 et les nouveaux États membres (NEM), et de le comparer aux flux réels. L’équation gravitationnelle est estimée en données de panel sur la période 1990-2005, en utilisant la méthode des variables instrumentales de HAUSMAN-TAYLOR (1981). Les principaux résultats indiquent que les NEM sont parvenus à combler une part importante de leur retard dans les échanges ; qu’à l’Ouest, l’Allemagne est le pays le plus intégré avec l’Europe de l’Est ; et qu’à l’Est, les pays d’Europe Centrale ont davantage rattrapé leur retard que les autres.
In this paper, we provide an analysis of Côte d'Ivoire firms performances and study the impact of qualitative external environmental factors on firm efficiencies. We adapt the one-step nonparametric robust methodology of Daraio and Simar 2005 to take in account qualitative environmental factors and we also compare the differences of behavior among two sub groups of firms characterized by different levels of technology. The sensitivity of our conclusions to environmental factors is analyzed using a bootstrapped test. We also check the robustness of our results upon time on two different years of observations.Keywords Firm efficiency Á Nonparametric estimation Á Conditional expected frontier of order m JEL Classification C13 Á C14 Á D20
Cet article cherche à estimer les gains commerciaux potentiels pour cinq Pays de l’Europe Centrale et Orientale (République tchèque, Estonie; Hongrie, Pologne, Slovaquie) générés par une entrée dans la zone euro. Notre approche sectorielle permet de mesurer l’impact d’une éventuelle adoption de l’euro à travers la structure de leurs exportations. Nous estimons pour cela un modèle de gravitation statique sur 21 pays de l’OCDE (excluant les cinq pays de l’Europe de l’Est) entre 1993 et 2005 pour évaluer les effets de l’adoption de l’euro dans 10 secteurs manufacturiers. Dans un exercice contrefactuel, nous estimons les gains ou pertes potentiels de l’adoption de la monnaie commune pour les cinq pays d’intérêt. Nos résultats suggèrent que les cinq pays gagneraient à intégrer la zone euro sur le plan commercial puisque un effet euro est significatif dans 9 secteurs. L’ampleur de cet « effet euro » diffère selon les secteurs (entre 8 et 44 %), impliquant finalement un impact différent sur les exportations des pays étudiés. Ainsi, l’Estonie bénéficierait plus amplement de l’adoption de l’euro que la Slovaquie.
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