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The presence of an N3 potential in profound sensorineural hearing loss with good or poor vestibular function can be explained by the contribution of the efferent cochlear pathway through olivocochlear fibres that join the inferior vestibular nerve. This theory is supported by its early latency and reversed polarity, which is masked in normal hearing by auditory brainstem response waves.

Background Liver cirrhosis is a condition that destroys the normal function of the liver, leading to hepatic encephalopathy, which is associated with impairment in postural control and disturbance in balance. Aim of the study The aim of this study was to detect the disturbances in balance and postural control because of hepatic encephalopathy as a result of liver cirrhosis using dynamic posturography. Participants and methods Individuals were divided into two groups: 45 patients with liver cirrhosis and 45 controls. Both groups underwent dynamic posturography to evaluate balance control, number connection test-type A, line tracing test, and serum ammonia (NH3) level to assess encephalopathy. Results Dynamic posturography findings were significantly weaker in patients with liver cirrhosis than in the controls. They were also weaker in patients with high NH3 than in patients with low NH3. There were significant negative correlations between dynamic posturography findings and number connection test-type A, line tracing test, and NH3 levels. Conclusion Hepatic encephalopathy because if liver cirrhosis affects balance control and the degree of affection is related to the degree of encephalopathy.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, with fatigue and impaired upright posture are being important symptoms of the disease. Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) is an assessment tool for objectively quantifying and distinguishing probable sensory, motor, and cerebral adaptive balance control deficits. Objective: This study aims at evaluation of findings of computerized dynamic posturography in multiple sclerosis patients with dizziness. Patients and Methods: This study included 70 participants, 40 who were MS patients and 30 healthy adult volunteers as controls. All participants were subjected to history taking, otological examination, basic audiological evaluation, bedside examination of the dizzy patient, and computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). Results: Of the 40 Multiple sclerosis patients 80% had abnormal Equilibrium (EQ) pattern and 72.5% had abnormal Sensory Analyses (SA) ratios. (p-values= 0.012 and 0.049 respectively) with the abnormalities were mainly vestibular dysfunction. Conclusion:Multiple sclerosis patients showed a smaller equilibrium scores in all conditions and composite scores, visual ratio, vestibular ratio and preference ratio than those of the control group and the abnormalities were mainly vestibular dysfunction. And we recommend the use of computerized dynamic posturography in the assessment of functional disability in MS patients.