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This work has focused on developing eco-friendly treatments for modifying the fabric surface. Thus; we studied in details the effect of individual and combined uv\ozone and chitosan on wool and silk fabric samples. All the treated samples are characterized and evaluated by: i) Fourier transform infrared spectra with attenuated total reflection analysis (FTIR-ATR), ii) Performance properties, iii) Mechanical measurements, and iv) Dyeing characteristics using two different dye classes namely, reactive dye (C.I. Reactive Orange 69) and direct dye (C.I Direct Yellow 11) applied on both wool and silk samples modified with the above mentioned three techniques.

The objective of this paper is to establish a quantitative method to determine the levelness (L) of coloration by spectrophotometric measurements. Previously, the L of coloration is mainly evaluated by visual assessment. Hence, we are not able to produce quantitative L data because the visual evaluation of the same colored material obtained from different observers can be quite different. Color levelness is actually a description of the uniformity of color shade in different places of the fabric. It is a very important parameter for the quality of textile coloration, quality control, and communication between laboratories. Thus, this research work evaluates the L parameters by using different variables, including: a) three different natural fabrics; namely, wool, silk and cotton dyed with yellow natural dye from onion skins under the effect of different mordants, and b) three different natural dyes; namely, onion skins, turmeric and madder applied on wool fabric samples under the effect of different mordants. The obtained results show that dyed samples with the highest color strength (K/S) have the highest unlevelness (U) and the lowest color difference (ΔE) values (i.e. the highest light fastness). These results are obtained regardless of the fabric type or dye used.

Several 2-[1-(1,2-dihydroinden-3-ylidene) hydrazono]-5-aryldiazo-4-methyl-1,3-thiazoles were synthesized by reaction of 1-(1,2-Dihydroinden-3-ylidene) thiosemicarbazide with different hydrazonyl chlorides. The products are water insoluble and UV absorbers, expressed UPF-rating values, and their H 2 O/DMF solutions were used in simultaneous dyeing and resin finishing of cotton fabrics. Results obtained show that finishing of cotton samples in presence of any of that dyes, irrespective of dye concentration, brings about an improvement in percent nitrogen, wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), dyeability, and UV protection rating values along with slight decrease of tensile strength (TS) compared with the untreated samples. Irrespective of dye structure, increasing the dye concentration from 0.5 and up to 1.7% results in an improvement in the percent nitrogen, TS and a remarkable improvement in both the dyeability, UPF-rating values along with slight decrease in WRA and lower fastness properties of the treated fabrics. The treated fabrics was characterized using energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicating the entrapped dye within the fabric structure.

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Background Persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and response to antiviral therapy has been shown to be associated with inappropriate levels of cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA levels have been reported to fluctuate during treatment. Thus they could be useful predictors for responses to treatment among HCV infected patients, thereby reducing ineffective treatments. Aim The current study aimed to investigate the relation between miRNA‐21 expression profiles, transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) serum levels and response to treatment with the new direct antiviral drugs (sofosbuvir + daclatasvir ± ribavirin), among HCV infected Egyptian patients. Subjects and Methods This prospective study was conducted on 50 HCV infected patients (before and after treatment) and 20 healthy volunteers. miRNA expression profiles were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and TGF‐β1 serum levels were measured by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results There was a significant increase in serum albumin, platelets count and a significant decrease in liver enzymes, serum bilirubin, and prothrombin time after treatment. Significant reduction of viral load among HCV patients after receiving the treatment was reported. Concomitantly, there was an increase in the relative quantity of miRNA‐21 (P = .001*) and serum levels of TGF‐β1 ( P = .337) among HCV patients after receiving treatment. Conclusion Nearly all responders to direct antiviral drugs showed increased levels of both miRNA‐21 and TGF‐β1. This may indicate an interplay between TGF‐β1 and miRNA‐21 during remission or progression of viral infection. Thus miRNA‐21 could be used as promising serum biomarker, for assessment of antiviral treatment efficacy and improvement of fibrosis among chronically infected HCV patients.

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