Background The pigmented skin of black Africans has been credited with reduction in risk of skin cancer. African albinos have inherited defects in skin melanin deposition, which predisposes them to ultraviolet radiation‐induced cutaneous carcinogenesis. We compared the manifestation of skin cancers between albino and nonalbino Africans aiming to describe the effect of pigmentation or lack of it on the epidemiological characteristics of skin cancer in Africans. Materials and methods Cutaneous malignancies seen in our institution over a 19‐year period were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results were presented in tables of frequencies. Continuous variables were presented as mean with standard deviation and compared with independent sample t‐test and ANOVA. Alpha level of <0.05 was considered significant. Result There were 86 albinos and 364 nonalbinos in the study. Mean age (SD) at presentation for albinos was 41 (14) years and for nonalbinos 52 (17) years. Albinos had most tumors in the head and neck region and upper extremities. For nonalbinos, lower extremities followed by anogenital region were the most common body site of cutaneous malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of skin cancer in the albino and nonalbino patients. No case of malignant melanoma was diagnosed in the albino group. Conclusion Albino skin cancer patients were much younger than nonalbinos. Albinos and nonalbinos differ in body site distribution of skin cancers. Distribution of keratinocyte carcinomas in albinos parallels the reported findings in Caucasians. Albinos may have some level of protection from cutaneous melanoma in spite of hypomelanized skin.
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm is a tumor of the appendix whose major clinical relevance derives from its inherent potential for peritoneal dissemination as pseudomyxoma peritonei. It sometimes poses challenges in clinical, radiological, and pathological diagnosis, and it may be confused with gynecological conditions in females. We report a case of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm presenting as firm sclerotic cystic mass and was initially suspected to be an ovarian mass in a postmenopausal woman. We review the literature for the pathogenesis and clinical implication of sclerohyalinization in mucinous appendiceal tumors.
Introduction: Endometriosis is the existence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity. It has high prevalence in women living in developed countries but is believed to be rare among indigenous African women.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of endometriosis in an indigenous African women population. Methods: Gynaecological specimens received and diagnosed as endometriosis in a teaching hospital’s Histopathology laboratory over a 5-year period was retrospectively reviewed. Data obtained were analysed by simple statistical methods. Results: There were 25 diagnosed cases of endometriosis representing 0.9% of gynaecological specimens received in the period. Patients’ average age is 38.4±8.4 years; peak age was 31- 40 years (n=10; 40%). Myometrium is the most common site (n=16; 64%), other sites include umbilicus and round ligament etc. Pelvic pain, 36% and irregular uterine bleeding, 28% are most common symptoms. There was primary and secondary infertility in 20% and 16% of cases respectively. The umbilical and suprapubic masses had symptoms that synchronised with the patient’s menstrual cycle. Conclusion: Endometriosis has low prevalence in our population. Women presenting with chronic pelvic pain, infertility and menstrual disorders should be evaluated for endometriosis. Population-based study is required to further characterize the condition in our population. Keywords: Endometriosis; indigenous African women; endometrial tissue; chronic pelvic pain; infertility; abnormal uterine bleeding.
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