The Caldwell-Luc operation was performed on 38 patients with and without the counteropening at the inferior meatus in order to investigate whether the opening is necessary or not. The blood loss with the opening was 108 g more on average than that on the side without it. The operation time was 11 min longer in the group with a counteropening. The differences in these two items were statistically significant. The difference in cheek swelling with both methods was not statistically significant. Postoperative conditions followed up to over 2 years showed no significant differences on both sides. The establishment of the counterdrainage at the inferior meatus is not necessary considering operation time, blood loss, possibility of nasolacrimal duct injury and early postoperative conditions.
The first step by which a basic aminoglycoside (AG) causes ototoxicity is thought to be electron binding to such acidic substances as phosphatidylinositol diphosphate and acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAGs). We studied the competitive binding ability of AGs and basic dyes to AGAG in order to determine if this mechanism was indeed responsible for ototoxicity. The negative charge of heparin was the strongest among the AGAGs examined when the molar ratio of AG to AGAG was small. Toluidine blue was a better basic dye than acridine orange, methylene blue, alcian blue, or neutral red. After we mixed toluidine blue, heparin and an AG, the absorbance of free toluidine blue was measured at 625 nm. The difference in the free dye released by the well-established AG showed a fairly good correlation with the ototoxic activity found in vivo. However, the predicted ototoxicities of newly prepared AGs were greater than estimated when testing their effects on experimental animals. The basicity of AGs will determine their binding affinities to cochlear hair cell membranes and is an important factor in predicting ototoxicity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.