Introduction and Aim: This study has been undertaken to evaluate efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) dressing that is recently introduced with conventional dressing. We have tried to compare PRP dressing with conventional normal dressing in healing the wound.   Materials and Methods: We conducted this study in 120 patients of chronic non healing diabetic foot ulcers who were treated over the period of three years. Number of cases (60 each) were studied for efficacy of applying autologous platelet rich plasma versus normal dressing for chronic non healing diabetic foot ulcers. At every week follow up, the ulcer was examined for granulation tissue, area and volume which was calculated using Vernier calipers and marked on a graph paper and photographs were taken. Wound healing was compared between PRP and normal dressing.   Results: The incidence of male susceptibility was more (70%) than females (30%) in diabetic foot. Average rate of healing per week was found to be significantly better among the PRP group than normal dressing group. The ulcer showed significant reduction in size among the PRP group in comparison to the normal dressing group with a significant P value (0.001).   Conclusion: In this study application of platelet rich plasma into chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcers in comparison with conventional dressing has shown a significant reduction in the size of the ulcer, hospital stay and cost for the patient.

Background: Incidence of breast carcinoma (BC) is increasing all over the world. Contrary to the West where it is more common in the elderly; in India it is more common among the younger women. India accounts for nearly six percent of deaths, due to breast cancers in the world and also that one out of every 22 women in India is diagnosed with breast cancer every year. But no information is available on its biological characteristics in the Indian population. Our aim was to evaluate the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER-2/neu receptor in single institute patients and to compare the expression of these factors with other prognostic parameters such as menopausal state, size of tumor, grade, histological type, mitotic index, lymphovascular invasion and nodal metastases. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the Department of General Surgery at Sri Ramachandra Medical University Hospital, Chennai, India. A batch of 60 confirmed patients of BC, diagnosed in between 2012 to 2014, were included in this study. ER, PR and HER-2/neu status were studied by immune-histochemistry and were correlated with other prognostic factors. Results: ER negative and PR negative cases were comparatively high (61.7% and 70%) than the positive cases. 66.7% of the cases were post-menopausal group, 68.3% of cases were T2 tumor and 81.7% cases were ductal carcinoma. There was a significant correlation identified between ER, PR with tumor grade and Mitotic Index of the tumor. HER-2/neu positive cases tended to have significant higher axillary metastasis. There was no significant correlation between ER, PR and HER-2/neu with menopausal state, size, histological type and lymphovascular invasion. Conclusions: The ER, PR and Her2/neu expression in BC in our patients is comparable with the available international data. ER and PR negative expressions are strongly associated with some known bad pathological factors like high grade tumor and high Mitotic Index. HER-2/neu expression was high in advanced diseases like axillary node positive patients.

Objectives. Pathogenesis of gallstone includes bile stasis due to defect in the gallbladder muscle contraction. Our aim of the study is to find out the role of 99mTc-HIDA scan in assessment of gallbladder dyskinesia in cholelithiasis patients before laparoscopic cholecystectomy and compare the gallbladder dyskinesia with various parameters like symptoms of patients, diabetic status of patients, gallstones size and number, and cholecystitis features in histopathology report after surgery. Material and Method. This is a prospective observational study conducted at our hospital for three years. Totally 40 patients with gallstone were subjected to 99mTc-HIDA scan, to assess the ejection fraction of gallbladder. For all these patients detailed clinical history, presence of comorbid illness like diabetics, and symptomatology were elicited. For all patients, ultrasonogram of abdomen was done to assess number and size of stones. All parameters were tabulated and correlated. Result. While comparing 99mTc-HIDA scan findings with symptoms of patients, 21.2% were asymptomatic and 78.8% symptomatic patients who had ejection fraction less than 80%. All patients in EF >80% group were symptomatic only. It is not statistically significant. On comparing 99mTc-HIDA scan findings with diabetic status of the patients, 42.4% of diabetic and 57.6 % of nondiabetic patients had ejection fraction less than 80%. It is not statistically significant (0.681). While comparing 99mTc-HIDA scan findings with size of the gallstone in ultrasound, 63.6% patients with size less than 1cm and 36.4% with size more than 1cm had ejection fraction < 80%. It is statistically significant (0.048). On comparing 99mTc-HIDA scan findings with number of stones in ultrasound, 18.2% single gallstone patients and 81.8% multiple gallstone patients had EF less than 80% which is statistically significant (0.001). While comparing the 99mTc-HIDA scan findings with histopathology report after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 21.2% non-cholecystitis patients and 78.8% cholecystitis patients had EF less than 80%, which is statistically (0.017) significant. Conclusion. 99mTc-HIDA scan can be an accurate method to diagnose the gallbladder dyskinesia. Gallbladder dyskinesia in 99mTc-HIDA scan can be used to predict large size stones and multiple stones before surgery. The sensitivity can be improved by 99mTc-HIDA scan in diagnosing cholecystitis patients.

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