Aim: To determine factors associated with intrapartum fever and to examine associated maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: Retrospective study of patients between 36^0/7 and 42^0/7 gestational weeks who entered spontaneous or induced active labor and developed temperature ≥38°C; a similar group that did not develop fever were controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with p < 0.05 as significant. Results: Fifty-four febrile patients and 306 nonfebrile controls met inclusion criteria. Nulligravidity (45.8 vs. 77.8%, p < 0.001), length of first stage ≥720 min (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.97-6.55, p < 0.001), length of second stage ≥120 min (OR 4.76, 95% CI 2.29-9.89, p < 0.001), membrane rupture ≥240 min (46.4 vs. 79.6%, p < 0.001), increasing number of vaginal exams (4 vs. 6, p < 0.001), oxytocin (44.8 vs. 63.0%, p = 0.014), and meperidine (14.7 vs. 35.2%, p < 0.001) were all associated with intrapartum fever. Associated morbidity included cesarean delivery (22.5 vs. 44.4%, p = 0.001), Apgar score <7 at 5 min (0.7 vs. 5.6%, p = 0.011), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (9.5 vs. 51.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: We have identified several noninfectious factors that are associated with intrapartum fever. Modification of risk factors may improve both maternal and neonatal outcomes.

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Takayasu's arteritis should be regarded as a risk factor for aortic dissection. It is important to treat systemic hypertension in Takayasu's arteritis patients and suspect the diagnosis of aortic dissection in any pregnant patient complaining of chest pain as dissection is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the developed world.