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Electrical systems are highly interrelated. A disturbance in one utility of a region can influence the stability of other utilities. Proper monitoring and critical information exchange in real time is the only solution to prevent an outage in this highly vulnerable system. But, the disparity in protocols used in the power industry and lack of infrastructure of information exchange are proving to be hindrance to achieve a reliable deregularized industry. In this research, an emerging Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards-based sensor web technology has been adopted for achieving interoperability in the power systems. Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) and Common Information Model (CIM) provide a solution to heterogeneity of data and lack of central repository of the sensor data for proper action, in case of a contingency. The sensor data from utilities, published in CIM format, are exposed via Sensor Observation Service (SOS). This provides a standard method for discovering and accessing sensor data between utilities, which facilitates the rapid response to handle contingences. In addition, the application of SWE in power industry pushes power industry one step closer towards automation.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a public health burden and threat all around the world. Good Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards prevention can break the chain of transmis­sion. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards prevention of COVID-19. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted during 5th to 28th of October 2020 among undergraduate Medical College students. An online questionnaire was developed using Google Forms. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice of the participants were assessed, and the scores were calculated. T-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of the total participants (n=274), 48.16 % were male and 51.5% were female. The mean age of the participants was 20.92±1.62 years. Among the total 69.3% had good knowledge, 67.5% had positive attitude and 73.4% had good practice towards prevention of COVID-19. In ad­dition, demographic variable sex had a significant impact on practice scores. Male participants had higher practice scores. (P<0.05). Conclusions: Undergraduate medical college students had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practices. Males and females had significantly different practices.

Information exchange is difficult and often time consuming in power system because of incompatibility in hardware and software being used in power industry. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has prescribed several guidelines to ensure interoperability in future smart grid applications. In this paper, we will propose a geo-enabled framework based on Sensor Web to help synchrophasor data exchange without altering existing data acquisition technology being used in industry. It encapsulates existing incompatibility of power system by providing users a web-enabled querying mechanism for synchrophasor data in standards as prescribed by NIST. Data can be queried based on temporal, spatial and comparative parameters giving more control to user to be concise on requirement of data depending upon application. We have utilized open source technologies such as OpenPDC, Sensor Observation Service (SOS) to maximize interoperability.