Introduction Previous studies have shown higher breast cancer incidence and mortality among Japanese Brazilians than Japanese. To clarify the difference in hormone levels among populations, we compared postmenopausal endogenous sex hormone levels among Japanese living in Japan, Japanese Brazilians living in São Paulo, and non-Japanese Brazilians living in São Paulo. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a control group of case-control studies in Nagano, Japan and São Paulo, Brazil. Subjects were postmenopausal women aged over 55 years old who provided blood samples. We measured oestradiol, oestrone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), testosterone and free testosterone by radioimmunoassay, bioavailable oestradiol by the ammonium sulphate precipitation method, and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoradiometric assay. A total of 363 women were included for the present analyses: 185 Japanese, 44 Japanese Brazilians and 134 non-Japanese Brazilians. Results Japanese Brazilians had significantly higher levels of oestradiol, bioavailable oestradiol, oestrone, testosterone, and free testosterone, and lower SHBG levels than Japanese. Japanese Brazilians also had significantly higher levels of bioavailable oestradiol, oestrone, and DHEAS, and lower levels of SHBG and androstenedione than non-Japanese Brazilians. Levels of oestradiol, testosterone, and free testosterone, however, did not differ between Japanese Brazilians and non-Japanese Brazilians. These differences were observed even after adjustment for known breast cancer risk factors. Conclusions We found higher levels of oestrogens and androgens in Japanese Brazilians than in Japanese, and similar to or higher levels than in non-Japanese Brazilians. Our findings may help explain the increase in incidence and mortality of breast cancer among Japanese Brazilians. P1-447 HOW LONG DO PATIENTS IN THE UK GET TREATED FOR NON-SPECIFIC RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS BY GENERAL PRACTITIONERS BEFORE THEY ARE DIAGNOSED WITH LUNG CANCER?doi:10.1136/jech.2011.142976g.37 B Iyen-Omofoman,* L Tata, R Hubbard. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Introduction Most people with lung cancer in the UK are diagnosed late when curative treatment is no longer an option. This research aimed to determine the pattern of symptom reporting to GPs before lung cancer diagnosis to establish whether there is potential for developing a scoring system to allow cases to be diagnosed earlier.Methods We used data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN)dA computerised longitudinal primary care database. We identified 12 121 incident cases of lung cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 and matched each case with up to four controls by age, sex and general practice (n¼48 216). Conditional logistic regression was carried out to estimate the ORs for symptoms 2 years before and 1 year before lung cancer diagnosis in cases compared to controls. Results A sharp increase in the consultation frequency among lung cancer cases was found for cough, haemoptysis, chest/shoulde...
Non-verbal communication refers to the use of body language, facial expressions, gestures, and the tone of voice to convey meaning without the use of words. Non-verbal cues can include things like eye contact, posture, hand movements, and facial expressions. These cues can often communicate more information than verbal communication alone, and can also convey emotions, attitudes, and intentions. Non-verbal communication is a crucial aspect of human communication and can greatly influence how we perceive others and how we are perceived in return. It is also an important area of study in fields like psychology, anthropology, and communication studies. This research aims to psychologically investigate non-verbal communication differences between females and males in Sri Lanka. For this study, 100 girls and boys between the ages of 20 and 25 were selected from the two main faculties of the University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Sri Lanka, The Faculty of Management and Commerce and the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. A sample of 50 girls and 50 boys was selected from each faculty using the random sampling. The observation method was used to collect data from students. In this research, a qualitative analysis method was used for data analysis. According to this study, same-sex and mixed-sex students randomly observed their communications with each other. During the data collection, students observed non-verbal communication methods such as hand and foot movements, eye contact, facial expression and, standing posture, distance during the conversation, and touching each other. Every part of this study, which was conducted using male and female university students, confirmed that women were ahead of men in non-verbal communication. Although academics have offered sociological, biological, and psychological reasons why women use more non-verbal communication tactics compared to men, according to the study, psychological reasons are more common. Accordingly, it was recognized that women use these non-verbal communication strategies to satisfy the natural characteristics of women, such as female attraction, the need to talk more, and the desire to join groups.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.