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A pH-regulated hydrothermal synthesis method was employed to synthesize Sb4O5Br2 and Sb4O5Cl2 crystallites.

Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper is an economically important leguminous crop in south-east Asia. However, its production is severely affected by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). It is well established that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is effective in inducing resistance against pathogens in several plants. To assess the role of MeJA in developing MYMIV tolerance in V. mungo, we analysed time-dependent biochemical and molecular responses of MYMIV susceptible V. mungo after exogenous application of different MeJA concentrations, followed by MYMIV infection. Our analysis revealed that exogenous application of different concentrations of MeJA resulted in decreased levels of malondialdehyde with higher membrane stability index values in MYMIV susceptible V. mungo, suggesting the protective role of MeJA through restoring the membrane stability. Moreover, the level of expression of different antioxidative enzymes revealed that exogenous MeJA is also very effective in ROS homeostasis maintenance. Enhanced expressions of the defence marker genes lipoxygenase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the reduced expression of the MYMIV coat-protein encoding gene in all MeJA treated plants post MYMIV infection revealed that exogenous application of MeJA is effective for MYMIV tolerance in V. mungo. Our findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of MYMIV tolerance in Vigna induced by MeJA.

Chemiresistive gas sensors operate mainly at high temperatures, primarily due to need of energy for surface adsorption-desorption of analytes. As a result, the operating temperature of chemiresistive sensors could be...

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Path analysis was done on different morphological, physiological and oil quality traits of 15, six-years old candidate plus trees of Jatropha curcas to assess their direct and indirect effect on oil yield. Principal component analysis was subsequently done to assess the pattern of the variations in characters and segregate the traits to distinguish parental accessions for plant improvement. Total chlorophyll had a positive direct effect on oil yield and also had indirect effect through single seed weight, single fruit weight and oil content. Male to female flower ratio had negligible direct effect on oil yield but had considerable indirect effect through seed yield per plant. Seed weight, fruit weight and seed yield plant -1 had a high direct effect on oil yield and also had indirect effect through oil content and thus found suitable for direct selection. The first five principal components contributed 75.5% of the total variability. The accessions JCN-14, JCN-08 and JCN-09 had very high values for the first component, while JCN-04 and JCN-05 had lower values for all these variables.

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Chemiresistive gas sensing by metal oxide based materials has been usually explained in terms of surface chemistry and band structure modifications due to factors such as chemical composition, particle surface to volume ratio, material morphology, temperature, and surface oxygen vacancy. In this work, keeping parameters such as particle size, morphology, surface area, temperature, and surface oxygen vacancy fixed, we have for the first time attempted to delineate quantitatively the role of crystal structure and surface electronic states in improving gas sensing responses of doped nanosized metal oxide samples. While vanadium-doped tin oxide samples show a nearly 4-fold increase in 10 ppm ammonia sensing responses, the Sn 0.696 V 0.304 O 2 sample shows ∼1.2 times more sensing response as compared to Sn 0.657 V 0.343 O 2 . The ammonia sensing behavior has been found to be directly correlated to crystal structures and concentrations of various oxidation states of vanadium dopants present in the studied samples. Detailed comparative analysis of crystal and electronic structures of the samples has revealed the mechanism of enhancement in the ammonia sensing behavior of vanadium-doped tin oxides. It is expected that similar mechanisms might be responsible for enhancement in gas sensing properties of other metal oxide based systems.