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Abstract. The ratio of gelatin to sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) at which maximum yield was obtained was optimized. This optimized ratio of gelatin to SCMC along with other parameters was used to prepare microparticles of different sizes. Vegetable oil was used as emulsion medium. Effect of various factors like amount of surfactant, concentration of polymer on the formation, and size of the microparticles was investigated. These microparticles were used as carrier for isoniazid. Among different cross-linkers, glutaraldehyde was found to be the most effective cross-linker at the temperature and pH at which the reaction was carried out. The loading efficiency and release behavior of loaded microparticles were found to be dependent on the amount of cross-linker used, concentration of drug, and time of immersion. Maximum drug loading efficiency was observed at higher immersion time. The release rate of isoniazid was more at higher pH compared to that of at lower pH. The sizes of the microparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscope. In all the cases, the microparticles formed were found spherical in shape except to those at low stirring speed where they were agglomerated. Fourier transform infrared study indicated the successful incorporation of isoniazid into the microparticles. Differential scanning calorimetry study showed a molecular level dispersion of isoniazid in the microparticles. X-ray diffraction study revealed the development of some crystallinity due to the encapsulation of isoniazid.

Microcapsules containing neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss.) seed oil (NSO) were prepared by encapsulation of natural liquid pesticide NSO in a polyelectrolyte complex of j-carrageenan and chitosan. The optimum ratio between carrageenan and chitosan to form a stable polyelectrolyte complex was found as 1 : 0.36. The microencapsulation method for NSO loading was also optimized. SEM study demonstrated that the surface of the microcapsules became more irregular as oil loading increased. The release rates of NSO were studied by varying the percentage of oil loading, concentration of crosslinking agent, and polymer concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study confirmed the complex formation between j-carrageenan and chitosan. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR study indicated the absence of any significant interaction between polyelectrolyte complex of j-carrageenan -chitosan and NSO. V

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