The synthetic routes of 1,2,4-triazole compounds as well as their pharmacological properties have been described. The review focuses intensively on two methods: cycloaddition reaction in the syntheses of various 1,5-dialky-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives from the reactive cumulenes with the nitrile precursors as well as the microwave irradiation method.

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Series of coumarin and 5,6-benzomcomarin substituted pyrimidine derivatives 11-15 and 22-25 were synthesized, aiming to develop new imaging fluorescent agents. Analogously, treatment of 4-chloropyrimidine analog 16 with coumarin 3-carbohyrazide 5 under MWI condition followed by boiling with NH4OAc in HOAc furnished coumarin-1,2,4-triazolo-pyrimidine analog 18. The fluorescence property was investigated spectrophotometrically in MeOH with Rhodamine 6G as standard dye. All the compounds showed emission in the region between 331 and 495 nm. The quantum yield of all the compounds were found to be weak, except methyl benzocoumarin 3-carboxylate 22 which showed (ΦF = 0.98) in comparison to Rhodamine 6G as standard (ΦF = 0.95).

This study explains the biochemical activity of histidine derivatives The compounds were identified by CHN analysis, FT-IR and H1NMR. The results certified that the chemical structures of the prepared compounds. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity was studied by two different tests; the hot plate test and writhing test for analgesic activity and two tests for anti-inflammatory activity they are formalin induced inflammation test and carrageen an induced inflammation test. The histidine derivatives were found to have potent activity as anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive. The active compounds were tested to acute toxicity. It was found that they are safety to the dose 5 g/kg orally in mice without any mortality.