Electrolyte solutions for rechargeable Mg batteries were developed, based on reaction products of phenyl magnesium chloride ͑PhMgCl͒ Lewis base and AlCl 3 Lewis acid in ethers. The transmetallation of these ligands forms solutions with Mg x Cl y + and AlCl 4−n Ph n − ions as the major ionic species, as analyzed by multinuclei nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Tetrahydrofuran ͑THF͒ solutions of ͑PhMgCl͒ 2 -AlCl 3 exhibit optimal properties: highly reversible Mg deposition ͑100% cycling efficiency͒ with low overvoltage: Ͻ0.2 V and electrochemical windows wider than 3 V. A specific conductivity of 2-5 ϫ 10 −3 ⍀ −1 cm −1 could be measured between −10 and 30°C for these solutions, similar to that of standard electrolyte solutions for Li batteries. Mg ions intercalate reversibly with Chevrel phase ͑Mg x Mo 6 S 8 ͒ cathodes in these solutions. These systems exhibit high thermal stability. The solutions may enable the use of high voltage, high-capacity Mg insertion materials as cathodes and hence open the door for research and development of high-energy density, rechargeable Mg batteries.
N-bromo-dimethylhydantoin polystyrene beads were synthesized and tested as antimicrobial agents for water microbial decontamination. Optimization of synthetic process was thoroughly investigated, including solvents used, ratio of reactants and reaction conditions, kilogram scale production, and detailed spectral analysis. The microbial inactivation efficiency was studied according to the NSF-231 Guide Standard and Protocol for Testing Microbiological Water Purifiers against Escherichia coli and MS2 phage. The tested resins maintained their activity for 550 L. Thus, N-bromo-dimethylhydantoin-polystyrene beads synthesized under optimized conditions at kilogram quantities have a potential use in water purification filters.
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